Ngaba ukutya kwe-ketogenic kunyanga i-bipolar disorder?

Ubungqina obuninzi buxhasa ukusetyenziswa kwezidlo ze-ketogenic kwi-bipolar disorder ngenxa ye-ketogenic yokutya okukwazi ukuguqula iindlela ezisisiseko ze-pathological ezifana ne-brain hypometabolism, ukungalingani kwe-neurotransmitter, ukuvutha kwengqondo, kunye noxinzelelo lwe-oxidative. Kukho iingxelo ezininzi ze-anecdotal, uphando lwamatyala apapashiweyo kwiijenali eziphononongwe ngontanga, amanqaku ahlalutya uncwadi ngesihloko, kunye nezilingo ezilawulwa ngokungahleliwe eziqhutywayo ezivavanya ukutya kwe-ketogenic njengonyango lwe-bipolar disorder.

intshayelelo

Iziqendu ze-Manic kwi-BPD zithathwa ngokuba zilawulwa ngokufanelekileyo ngamayeza. Kodwa iziqendu ezinkulu zoxinzelelo zisabonwa njengento ephindaphindiweyo kunye nomngeni omkhulu wekliniki. Abantu abane-bipolar disorder bathwaxwa ngumthwalo weempawu ezinxunguphalisayo, nakwabo baneziqendu zobuntu eziziva zilawulwa kakuhle ngamayeza.

Ezi zigaba zinokudala ukukhubazeka okuzingileyo kokusebenza kunye nokukhubazeka kwaye zandise umngcipheko wokuzibulala. Ukuthembela kumayeza angasebenziyo ukunyanga izigaba ezidakumbayo zebipolar kukukhohlakala kwaye kunokuba yingozi. Nokuba ngumgangatho wokhathalelo. I-mood stabilizers ekhoyo kwisigaba sokudakumba se-bipolar disorder isebenza kuphela kwi-1/3 yezigulane ze-bipolar kunye ne-antidepressants eqhelekileyo ngokuphindaphindiweyo ingaphumeleli ukubonisa inzuzo kwi-RCTs yale meko kwaye inokuthi ibe mbi ngakumbi imeko. Ii-Atypical antipsychotics kuthiwa zisebenza ngakumbi kodwa zineziphumo ezibi zokuphazamiseka kwemetabolism ezenza ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kungabi sempilweni kwaye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zihlala zinganyamezeleki kwizigulana.

Ndibhala oku ngasentla ukubonisa ingxaki yabaninzi abane-bipolar disorder, kwaye ndibonise ukuba nangona umntu one-bipolar disorder uye wafumana iimpawu zabo zokuphazamiseka ngamayeza (abaninzi abanawo), kusekho inxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-bipolar. abantu abaphethwe ziimpawu ezishiyekileyo.

Kwaye bafanele ukwazi zonke iindlela zokuziva ngcono.

Iindlela ezininzi zebhayoloji zicetyisiwe njengezona zinto zinokuba ngunobangela we-BD. Ezi ziquka ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-mitochondrial, uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative kunye nokuphazamiseka kwe-neurotransmitter.

Yu, B., Ozveren, R., & Dalai, SS (2021). Ukutya kwe-Ketogenic njengonyango lwe-metabolic lwe-bipolar disorder: uphuhliso lwezonyango. https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-334453/v2

Njengoko sixoxa nge-glucose hypometabolism, ukungalingani kwe-neurotransmitter, ukuvuvukala, uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative, kunye nendlela yokutya kwe-ketogenic eguqula ngayo ezo zinto, uya kuqala ukuqonda ukuba kutheni abantu benza ukutya kwe-ketogenic kwi-bipolar disorder.

Masiqalise!

I-Bipolar Disorder kunye ne-Hypometabolism

Ii-pathologies eziphambili ze-metabolic ezicatshangelwa ukuba zidlala indima zibandakanya ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwi-metabolism yamandla.

Yu, B., Ozveren, R., & Dalai, SS (2021). Ukusetyenziswa kwe-carbohydrate ephantsi, ukutya kwe-ketogenic kwi-bipolar disorder: ukuphononongwa ngokuchanekileyo. https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-334453/v1

Yintoni i-brain hypometabolism? Kwaye ngaba abantu abane-bipolar disorder bane-hypometabolism?

I-Brain hypometabolism ithetha nje ukuba iiseli zengqondo azisebenzisi amandla kakuhle kwezinye iindawo zengqondo okanye kwizakhiwo ezithile. 

• hypo = phantsi
• imetabolism = ukusetyenziswa kwamandla

Abantu abanengxaki ye-bipolar banemimandla ye-hypometabolism yobuchopho, okuthetha ukuba ezo ndawo zobuchopho azisebenzi ngendlela ebekufanele ukuba zisebenze ngayo. I-Brain hypometabolism imalunga nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-mitochondrial, eyona ndlela ingqondo iyisebenzisa ngayo i-fuel kunye nendlela evelisa ngayo amandla.

Ayisiyondawo enye yengqondo apho sibona ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-mitochondrial kudlala njengokusilela kwamandla. Ezinye zeendawo zobuchopho ezichongiweyo njenge-hypometabolic ngokusebenzisa itekhnoloji ye-neuroimaging eyahlukeneyo ibandakanya i-insula, i-brainstem, kunye ne-cerebellum.

Kukwakho nobungqina obaneleyo be-hypometabolism ebangela ukuphazamiseka konxibelelwano ngaphakathi kumbandela omhlophe ongaphambili. Oku kuphazamiseka kokwakheka kweeseli kunye nemetabolism kwenzeka nzulu kumbandela omhlophe wengqondo phakathi kwenethiwekhi ye-front-limbic. Kulawo matsha kuwo onke la magama esakhiwo sobuchopho, inkqubo yakho ye-limbic liziko leemvakalelo zobuchopho. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba iimvakalelo zakho zinokuvela ekuhloleni kwakho imeko (oh yingwe kwaye badla abantu!) Kwaye loo myalezo uya kwinkqubo yakho ye-limbic ukuqalisa impendulo (RUN!). Kwi-bipolar disorder, sibona iingxaki zokunxibelelana komcimbi omhlophe kuthungelwano olukhulu lwengqondo olubandakanya i-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, imimandla yethutyana kunye ne-parietal. Yeyiphi ngokwesiseko zonke iindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu kufuneka usebenze kwaye utshise amandla kakuhle.

Ezi ndawo ezichongiweyo ze-brain structure hypometabolism ayimangalisi xa sicinga ngokubonakaliswa kweempawu ezithintekayo kunye nokuziphatha kwi-bipolar disorder. Umzekelo:

• kuphazamise unxibelelwano phakathi kwe-dorsal cingulate cortex, kunye ne-precuneus, i-cuneus.
  • Kucingelwa ukuba olu qhagamshelo luphazamisekileyo lunokudlala indima elandelayo ukusebenza ngokugqithisileyo ngexesha lokucubungula ngokweemvakalelo kwizigulane ezine-bipolar
• i-corors
  • ilawula imisebenzi yesigqeba njengemisebenzi yokucwangcisa, inkumbulo yokusebenza, kunye nengqwalasela ekhethiweyo.
• umqolo we-cingulate cortex
  • ulawulo olulawulayo (oludingayo ukulawula iimvakalelo), ukufunda, kunye nokuzibamba.
  • I-hypometabolism kwi-cingulate cortex ibonakala kubantu abanengxaki yokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi
• i-precuneus
  • imbono yokusingqongileyo, i-cue reactivity, ubuchule bokucinga ngengqondo, inkumbulo episodic ukubuyisela, kunye neempendulo ezithintekayo kwiintlungu.

Kodwa yima umzuzu, unokuthi. Ukusebenza ngokugqithisileyo? Ingenzeka njani loo nto kwingqondo ene-hypometabolism xa silindele ukungabi namandla aneleyo okwenza umsebenzi ogqithisileyo wenzeke? Kwaye kwakhona, ngaba ezinye izigaba ze-bipolar azenzi ukuba wonke umntu asebenze ngokugqithisileyo? Ngaba abakwazi ukuyeka okanye ukulala? Kusebenza njani oku?

Kulungile, impendulo iphicana kancinci. Xa ezinye iindawo zengqondo zingenawo amandla aneleyo okusebenza, kunokubangela iziphumo ezisezantsi eziphazamisa ukulinganisa kwe-neuronal kwezinye iingingqi. Ke i-hypometabolism kwezinye iindawo zobuchopho iphosa inkqubo ethambileyo yengqondo, kwaye igqibele iqhubekisela phambili ukungalingani kwe-neurotransmitter kuyo yonke okanye kwizakhiwo ezingabamelwane, okubangela ukukhululeka okukhulu kwinqanaba le-neurotransmitter. esiya kuxubusha ngakumbi kumacandelo amva (jonga ukungalingani kweNeurotransmitter). I-Hypometabolism kwindawo enye yengqondo inokubangela ukuba ingqondo yenze uxhulumaniso oluninzi kwezinye iindawo zengqondo, izama ukuhlawula. Ungaphela ngokuqhagamshelwana phakathi kweendawo ezingezizo ezakhe ukuba ziqhagamshelwe kakhulu.

Ukungakwazi kweeseli zengqondo ukuba zibe namandla aneleyo asuka kumthombo wamafutha ozinzileyo kuqhuba ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-mitochondrial. I-Mitochondria ziibhetri zeeseli zakho, kwaye ziyafuneka ukuphumeza zonke izinto ekufuneka zenziwe yi-neuron. Ukuba ingqondo yakho ifutha ayisebenzi kuwe, nto leyo kwimeko ye-glucose kunye ne-bipolar disorder inokuba njalo, ezo bhetri azikwazi ukusebenza. I-neurons ayinawo amandla aneleyo okusebenza kwaye iqala ukungasebenzi kakuhle! I-neuron engasebenzi kakuhle ayikwazi ukwenza ugcino lweeseli ezisisiseko, ukwenza ii-neurotransmitters, okanye nokugcina ezo neurotransmitters zijikeleze ixesha elifanelekileyo kwi-synapse, okanye ikwazi ukunxibelelana kakuhle nezinye iiseli.

Ngenxa yokuba besentlungwini, benza inqanaba labo lokudumba kunye ne-oxidation, besebenzisa ii-cofactors ezixabisekileyo (iivithamini kunye neeminerali) bezama ukulwa nokudumba okwenzekayo ngenxa yokuba iseli isengxakini yokunqongophala kwamandla. Ukuphelisa iseli ngakumbi kunye nokongeza kumjikelo ongalunganga wamandla kwi-neuron.  

Enye yeethiyori zokuba kutheni oku kwenzeka kukuba i-metabolism ye-glucose iphazamisekile kwingqondo ngenxa yokuguqulwa kakubi kwe-enzyme ebalulekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC). Iingxaki zokuguqula i-glucose njengomthombo wamandla kumandla engqondo zineziphumo ezibi.

Le hypometabolism, kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-mitochondrial, ifanelekile kwingqondo ye-bipolar, kangangokuba abaphandi banokwenza iimpuku ze-transgenic kunye ne-brain mitochondrial dysfunction, kwaye baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baveze iimpawu ezifunyanwa ngumntu!

Kwaye, xa benyanga ezi mpuku ze-transgenic kunye ne-lithium okanye i-antidepressants rhoqo, ziphendula ngendlela efanayo njengoko izigulane ze-bipolar zabantu zenza kuloo mayeza.

Ngoko ingongoma yam yile. I-Hypometabolism yi-HUGE factor ekudalweni nasekuqhubekeni kweempawu ze-bipolar. Ifanele ingqalelo njengenjongo ethe ngqo yokungenelela kwi-bipolar disorder.

Ngoku, makhe sixoxe ukuba ukutya kwe-ketogenic, unyango olwaziwayo lokuphazamiseka kwemetabolism, lunokunceda njani.

I-keto iyiphatha njani i-hypometabolism kwi-bipolar disorder

Ukutya kwe-Ketogenic ngumhlobo osenyongweni we-neuron. Abagcini nje ukubonelela ngolunye umthombo wamafutha kwi-glucose ngendlela yee-ketones, la mandla e-ketone avele adibanise ngqo kwi-neuron, edlula nayiphi na inkqubo ye-enzyme ekhethekileyo okanye imisebenzi yokuthutha ephosakeleyo. Le metabolism iphuculweyo yamandla inika ingqondo ye-bipolar amandla okwenza zonke izinto ekufuneka iyenze, ngcono kakhulu kunokuba ibinokwenza ngaphambili.

Ngokungathi ukuba nomthombo ongcono we-fuel onokuthi ubuchopho busebenzise ngcono bekunganelanga, ii-ketones ngokwazo ziyimizimba yomqondiso wemfuza. oku kuthetha ukuba banokuvula kwaye bacime imfuza kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo. Kwaye enye yezinto ezenziwa zezi ketone kukukhuthaza iseli ukuba yenze imitochondria eninzi. Ii-ketones zonyusa amandla obuchopho ngokwenza ngaphezulu kwezo bhetri zeseli kwaye emva koko zinike amandla okutshisa kuzo.

Ukuba awuqinisekanga ukuba ukutya kwe-ketogenic kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo njengonyango lwe-hypometabolism ebonwa kwi-bipolar disorder, kunokukunceda ukuba ufunde malunga nokuba ezinye iimpawu ze-bipolar disorder zifana njani noko sikubona kwizifo ze-neurodeergenerative.

Ipatheni ye-hypometabolism kwingqondo kwi-bipolar disorder, ifana nesifo se-Alzheimer, ukuba kwizigulane ezikhulileyo ukuxilongwa ngokuhlukileyo kunzima kakhulu kwaye ngamanye amaxesha akunakwenzeka.

Iziphumo zethu zityhila iimpawu ezifanayo ze-neurocognitive ekwabelwana ngazo kwizigulana ezine-bipolar ezinokukhubazeka kwengqondo ekucingelwa ukuba zinemvelaphi ye-neurodeergenerative zicebisa ukuba kuthatyathwe inxaxheba kwiipathologies ezahlukeneyo ezisisiseko…

Musat, EM, et al., (2021). Iimpawu zeBipolar Izigulana ezinokuphazamiseka kwengqondo ye-Neurodegenerative Origin ekrokrelekayo: Iqela le-Multicenter Cohort. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11111183

Ngapha koko, i-bipolar disorder ibonakalisa uninzi lwezinto ezingaqhelekanga ezifanayo, zombini kwimetabolism yobuchopho kunye neendlela zokubonisa njengezifo ezininzi ze-neurodeergenerative, kubandakanya nesifo i-Alzheimer's (AD), i-Lewy Body Dementia, kunye neminye imiba yesifo sikaParkinson.

Izidlo ze-Ketogenic zibubungqina obusekelwe kunyango lwe-Alzheimer's disease, kunye nee-RCT ezininzi ezibonisa inzuzo. Kutheni le nto ingenakunceda ezi ndawo zobuchopho zinye zinengxaki yamandla kunye nemetabolism? Ngokukodwa xa sibona ukuba uninzi lwemimandla yobuchopho efanayo iyabandakanyeka.

Sikwazi njani oku? Ngaba sine-RCT yophando lwe-imaging yengqondo kodwa ibonisa umsebenzi ophuculweyo kwingqondo ngokukodwa kubantu abane-bipolar disorder abafumana ukutya kwe-ketogenic? Hayi ukuba ndiyifumene. Kodwa ndiqinisekile ukuba bayeza. Ngenxa yokuba sibona ukunciphisa okukhulu kweempawu kubantu abaninzi abane-bipolar disorder abafudukela kwi-ketogenic diet. Kwaye ezinye zokuncipha kweempawu zivela ngokungenantlonelo kumandla obuchopho.

Ukutya okune-ketogenic kuvumela ingqondo ye-bipolar ukuba ikhuphe ii-ketones zamafutha kwaye ziyisebenzise endaweni ye-glucose ngokuyinhloko. Oku kunyuswa kwamafutha yindlela yokuhlangula ingqondo yemetabolism. Ukuvumela amandla angakumbi kwiseli kuvumela ukulungiswa kweeseli, ukugcinwa, ukuhanjiswa kwe-neuron ephuculweyo, amandla angcono anokuthi athathwe, uyibiza. Ingqondo yakho idinga amandla aneleyo ukuyenza.

Kukho indawo emnandi kuphando lwexesha elizayo ukuhlekisa ubudlelwane bemetabolism kunye neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo ze-neurotransmitter. Ke, de kube kwenziwe olo phando, kuya kufuneka sixoxe ngalinye libe ngamacandelo ahlukeneyo. Lixesha lokusuka kwi-hypometabolism uye kwi-neurotransmitter ukungalingani.

I-BIpolar Disorder kunye ne-Neurotransmitter Ukungalingani

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeekhemikhali ze-neurotransmitter engqondweni. Ii-neurotransmitters ezibandakanyekayo kwisifo se-bipolar ziquka I-dopamine, i-norepinephrine, i-serotonin, i-GABA (i-gamma-aminobutyrate), kunye ne-glutamate. I-Acetylcholine nayo iyabandakanyeka kodwa ayiyi kuhlaziywa kule post blog. Xa sithetha ngokungalingani kwe-neurotransmitter, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba asithethi nje kakhulu okanye encinci kakhulu nayiphi na into ethile. 

Oko kusenokuba njalo ukusa kumkhamo othile, ngokwenza ukuncipha kokunye nokungaphezulu kwenye kunokuba luncedo. Kodwa into esithetha ngayo yindlela ii-neurotransmitters ezenziwe kwaye zisetyenziswa ngayo. Ngaba ii-receptors zenzelwe ukuthatha i-neurotransmitters kwiiseli ezisebenza kakuhle? Ngaba inwebu yeseli ingayenza indima yayo ekwenzeni i-neurotransmitter okanye ukugcina izondlo ezifunekayo ukwenza ii-neurotransmitters? 

Ngaba zininzi kakhulu ii-receptors zohlobo olunye lwe-neurotransmitter? Ukuba kunjalo, oko kuthetha ukuthini ukuba i-neurotransmitter ihlala ixesha elingakanani kwi-synapse ukuze ibe luncedo? Ngaba kukho iipolymorphisms zofuzo ezichaphazela ii-enzymes ekumele zenze i-neurotransmitters okanye zenze umsebenzi wokuzaphula?

Ufumana ingcamango. Ingongoma yam kukuba xa ndixoxa nge-neurotransmitters ethile apha ngezantsi, ndibhala malunga nenkqubo enzima. Kwaye ukucinga kwenkqubo kuthatha utshintsho kwimbono. Ke gcina loo nto engqondweni njengoko ufunda malunga nokungalingani kwe-neurotransmitter kwi-bipolar disorder.

Inkqubo yeDopaminergic

I-Dopamine (DA) i-receptor kunye ne-transporter dysfunctions idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwi-pathophysiology ye-bipolar disorder kuzo zombini i-manic kunye ne-depressive states.
Isiphumo esinye esingaguqukiyo sivela kwi-dopaminergic agonists kwizifundo zophando. I-Dopaminergic agonists ivimba i-dopamine receptors, ngoko ke i-dopamine ihlala isebenza kwi-synapse ixesha elide kwaye yenza impembelelo enkulu ngakumbi. Xa abaphandi besenza oku, banokulinganisa iziqendu ze-mania okanye i-hypomania kwizigulana ze-bipolar, okanye kwanabo banesimo esisisiseko sokuphuhlisa esi sifo.

Olunye uphononongo lufumanise ukuba abaguli be-bipolar banomsebenzi wenkqubo ye-dopaminergic ephezulu kwaye lo msebenzi unokuba ngenxa yokwanda kokukhululwa kwe-neurotransmitter kunye neengxaki zokuyilawula ngemisebenzi ye-synaptic. Ezi zinto zinokunxulunyaniswa nokuphuhlisa iimpawu ze-manic kwizigulane ezine-bipolar. Kwaye kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba amanqanaba okwanda kwe-dopamine anxulunyaniswa nokunyuka koxinzelelo lwe-oxidative. Ngelixa eli lingelocandelo loxinzelelo lwe-oxidative yeblogi, uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative lubaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo ye-neurotransmitter. Iphazamisa iinkqubo ezibalulekileyo ze-enzymatic kwaye idale iintlobo ze-oksijini ezisebenzayo, kwaye oku kuphazamisa indawo apho i-neurotransmitters izama ukwenza khona, ibe nemiphumo ebalulekileyo ezantsi.

Inkqubo yeNorepinephrinergic

I-Norepinephrine yi-neurotransmitter ephambili kwi-bipolar disorder. I-Dopamine iguqulelwa kwi-norepinephrine nge-enzyme Dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DβH). Xa umncinci lo msebenzi we-enzyme, kwaye ke i-dopamine encinci iguqulelwe kwi-norepinephrine, abathathi-nxaxheba bophononongo banika ingxelo ephezulu ye-bipolar symptomology kuluhlu lokutshekisha.

I-MHPG, i-byproduct eyenziwe yinkqubo ye-metabolic yokudala i-norepinephrine (ebizwa ngokuba yi-metabolite), ithathwa njenge-biomarker enokubakho ukuchonga iimeko zengqondo. Le metabolite icetywayo ukuba imele iimpawu zeklinikhi njengenguqu yesigulane se-bipolar phakathi koxinzelelo kunye ne-manic states. Kwaye xa i-lithium isetyenziswa, kukho ukuncipha kwesi siphawuli sebhayoloji.

Umsebenzi we-Norepinephrine ubonakala uguquguquka ngokusekelwe kwisigaba se-bipolar. Amanqanaba aphantsi e-norepinephrine kunye ne-receptor (a2) uvakalelo luxelwe ngexesha lokudandatheka kunye nomsebenzi ophezulu ngexesha lezigaba ze-manic.

Inkqubo yeGlutamatergic

I-Glutamate yi-neurotransmitter enomdla kunye neendima kwiinkqubo ezininzi ezinzima kunye neziyimfuneko. Sibona inani eliphezulu lomsebenzi we-glutamate kwi-bipolar disorder.

Ufuna i-glutamate, kodwa hayi kakhulu, kwaye ufuna ukugxila okuphezulu kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo. Xa iimeko zingafanelekanga kwingqondo, nangasiphi na isizathu kodwa mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuvuvukala (njengoko uya kufunda malunga kamva), ingqondo iya kwenza i-glutamate eninzi (ukuya kwi-100x ngaphezu kwamanqanaba aqhelekileyo). I-Glutamate kula manqanaba i-neurotoxic kwaye ibangela ukuguga kwe-neurodeergenerative. I-glutamate eninzi kakhulu ibangela umonakalo kwi-neurons kunye ne-synapses kwaye idale umonakalo omele ubuchopho buzame ukuwuphilisa (kunye nomsebenzi wokulungisa umonakalo awuyi kukwazi ukugcina xa i-glutamate ephezulu ingapheliyo).

Uphononongo luhlala lubonisa ukuncipha kokubonakaliswa kweemolekyuli ezibandakanyekayo kwi-glutamate transmission phakathi kwe-neuron ebuchosheni babantu abane-bipolar disorder. Enye i-hypothesis kukuba ukugqithiswa rhoqo kwe-glutamate kwingqondo yezigulane ze-bipolar zitshintsha ii-receptors ukunciphisa imiphumo eyonakalisayo.

I-Glutamate yi-neurotransmitter echaphazela isimo sengqondo. Sibona amanqanaba aphezulu e-glutamate kwintlaninge yezigulo zengqondo, ezifana nokuxhalaba, ukuphazamiseka kweentlungu, i-PTSD, kunye nokuphazamiseka kwe-bipolar akukho nto ikhethekileyo ekwabelaneni ngolu kungalingani kwe-neurotransmitter. Ngaphandle kwe-bipolar disorder, endaweni yokudala ukuhlaselwa kwe-panic njengoko kunokwenzeka kumntu onokukhathazeka ngokubanzi, i-glutamate inokubonwa kumanqanaba aphakamileyo, ngokukodwa ngexesha le-manic yokugula.

Inkqubo yeGABAergic

I-GABA yi-neurotransmitter ethintelayo esebenza njengeziqhoboshi zee-neurotransmitters ezivuselelayo njenge-glutamate. I-GABA ibandakanyeka kwi-bipolar disorder kwaye idibene ne-manic kunye ne-depressive states, kwaye idatha yeklinikhi ibonisa ukuba umsebenzi wenkqubo we-GABA wehla uhambelana ne-depressive and manic states. Oogqirha bengqondo badla ngokumisela amayeza amodareyitha i-GABA kuba oku kubonakala kunefuthe lokuzinzisa isimo sengqondo kwi-bipolar disorder.

Kukho amakishi asezantsi asezantsi (imilinganiselo) ye-GABA ebuchotsheni babantu abane-bipolar, kwaye ngelixa oku kungaphelelanga kwi-bipolar disorder kwaye kwenzeka kwezinye izigulo zengqondo, kukufunyaniswa okufanayo. Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezijolise kwinkqubo ye-GABA kusetyenziswa ukunceda ukunyanga isigaba sokudakumba se-bipolar disorder. Zomibini i-gene association kunye nezifundo ze-postmortem zibonisa ubungqina bokungaqhelekanga kwinkqubo yokubonisa i-GABA.

Izigulana ezinokuncipha kwe-GABA zikhoyo njengokuphazamiseka okubaluleke ngakumbi kwengqondo kwaye ngokukodwa kulawulo oluthintelayo lokuziphatha.

Inkqubo yeSerotoninergic

Siyazi ukuba i-serotonin idlala indima kwi-bipolar disorder. Ubungqina obuxhasa ukuba i-serotonin (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-5-HT) intsilelo ibandakanyeka kwi-mania kwaye ukunyuka okanye ukunyusa i-serotonin kunempembelelo yokuzinza kwemood kuye kwenziwa kwizifundo ezahlukeneyo kusetyenziswa iimpawu ezahlukeneyo (umzekelo, ukuchithwa kwe-tryptophan, postmortem, platelet, kunye neuroendocrine).

Ukuncipha kokukhululwa kunye nomsebenzi we-serotonin unxulunyaniswa neengcinga zokuzibulala, ukuzama ukuzibulala, ubundlongondlongo, kunye nokuphazamiseka kokulala. Kukho zonke iimpawu ezifunyanwa ngabantu abane-bipolar disorder. Kodwa njengoko besixoxile kwintshayelelo yeposi yebhlog, amayeza azama ukuguqula le nkqubo ahlala engonelanga ekunciphiseni ezi mpawu kolu luntu.

Umsebenzi we-cell membrane kunye ne-BDNF

Awukwazi ukuxoxa nge-neurotransmitter balancing ngaphandle kwengxoxo yomsebenzi we-membrane. Njengoko sele ufundile, iiseli zidinga amandla okutshisa isenzo esinokwenzeka (ukudubula kweeseli). Kwaye izinto ezibalulekileyo zenzeke xa umlilo we-neurons, njengokwazi ukulawula ukugxila kwe-calcium. Kuya kufuneka ube ne-membrane yeseli esempilweni ukuze ube nemveliso yamandla elungileyo kwaye ulawule izixa zeeminerali eziyimfuneko ubuchopho bufuna ukuvelisa amandla okwenza izinto, ukugcina impilo yeseli, ukugcina izondlo zemveliso ye-neurotransmitter kunye nomsebenzi we-enzyme.

Kwi-bipolar disorder, ukulahleka komsebenzi we-sodium / potassium kunye nokulahlekelwa okulandelayo (sodium) Na +/ (i-potassium) K + -ATPase Umsebenzi (imisebenzi ebalulekileyo ye-enzyme yokudala amandla) kwenzeka kwaye igalelo kwiiseli zamandla. Iziphumo zotshintsho ekusebenzeni kwemembrane zinokuphembelela imeko yengqondo kunye noxinzelelo lwebipolar disorder.

I-brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) yinto eyenziwe kwingqondo enceda ukulungisa iiseli kunye nokwenza uqhagamshelwano olutsha lokufunda kunye naphakathi kwezakhiwo zengqondo. Uyakhumbula ukuba sixoxe njani malunga ne-neural circuitry abnormalities kumbandela omhlophe? Udinga i-BDNF ukunceda ukubethela kwakhona into enjalo. Kwaye abantu abane-bipolar disorder abanayo i-BDNF eyaneleyo yokwenza oko kakuhle okanye ukugcina ukulungiswa okufunekayo ukusuka kwiimo ezingapheliyo ze-neuroinflammation.

Ngethemba, le post blog iqala ukuphendula umbuzo wokuba Ngaba ukutya kwe-ketogenic kunyanga i-bipolar disorder? Uyakwazi ukubona indlela iimpembelelo kwibhalansi ye-neurotransmitter eyenza unyango lwe-ketogenic lwe-bipolar disorder.

I-keto ilungelelanisa njani ii-neurotransmitters

Izidlo ze-Ketogenic zineempembelelo ezithe ngqo kwii-neurotransmitters ezininzi. Zininzi izifundo ezibonisa ukonyuka kwe-serotonin kunye ne-GABA, kunye nokulungelelanisa i-glutamate kunye ne-dopamine. Kukho intsebenziswano phakathi kokutya kwe-ketogenic kunye ne-norepinephrine ekuphandwayo ngoku kuphando malunga nokuxhuzula. Akukho kubonakala kunempembelelo yeetoni kwi-norepinephrine ngokuthe ngqo, kodwa ezantsi njengoko iguqulwa ibe yi-dopamine.

Izidlo ze-Ketogenic zilinganisa imveliso ye-neurotransmitter kunye nomsebenzi, ngoko awuyi kufumana kakhulu enye okanye encinci kakhulu kwenye, kwaye uphele ufumane iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga njengoko ngamanye amaxesha ubuya kwenza ngamayeza.

Ukunyuswa kwee-neurotransmitters ezithile, ezifana ne-GABA, ngokucacileyo kunenzuzo kwisimo sengqondo kwaye ukunyuka kwayo kunceda ukulungelelanisa imveliso ye-glutamate ejabulisayo. Oku kunokwenzeka ukuba yindlela esibona ngayo isimo sengqondo esiphuculweyo kubantu ngabanye, kwaye inokuphembelela ngokuthe ngqo ukuhla kweemeko zengqondo.

Enye indlela ebalulekileyo esibona ngayo ukuphuculwa kwebhalansi ye-neurotransmitter kukuphuculwa komsebenzi we-membrane yeseli. Ukutya kwe-Ketogenic kuqinisa unxibelelwano phakathi kweeseli kunye nokunceda ukulawula ukungena kwe-micronutrients (khumbula i-sodium, i-potassium, kunye ne-calcium?) efunekayo ekuqhumeni kweeseli. Ukuphuculwa komsebenzi we-membrane kwenzeka kwakhona ngokusebenzisa indlela yokulawula (yenza ngaphezulu) i-BDNF, ngoko iiseli kunye neembrane zeeseli ziyakwazi ukuzilungisa. Kwaye njengebhonasi eyongeziweyo, olu phuculo kumsebenzi we-membrane yeseli luvumela ii-membrane ukuba zigcine i-micronutrients ebalulekileyo efunekayo ukuvelisa i-neurons kwaye iqalise ukulungiswa (usebenzisa oko kubonelelwa okongezelelweyo okumangalisayo kwe-BDNF).

Kodwa njengoko siza kufunda apha ngezantsi, ii-neurotransmitters azinakwenziwa kakuhle okanye ngokwemilinganiselo elungeleleneyo kwindawo ehlala ihlaselwa kwaye ilawulwa kukudumba. Kwaye ke siyayigqiba ingxoxo yethu yee-neurotransmitters kodwa kuphela ngokunxulumene nezinye iindlela ze-pathological ezenzeka kwingqondo ye-bipolar, ebandakanya ukudumba kunye noxinzelelo lwe-oxidative.

I-Bipolar Disorder kunye noKudumba

Ukudumba ngumba onjalo kwi-bipolar disorder kangangokuba iyinto ebalulekileyo yophando ngokwayo kwaye ichongiwe njengeyona ndlela isisiseko yesi sigulo.

• Ukunqongophala kwe-Micronutrient
  • kubangele ukungakwazi kweseli ukugcina impilo kunye nokusebenza)
• Iintsholongwane kunye neebhaktheriya
• Utywala
  • ukutya okanye okusingqongileyo
• Iityhefu zommandla
  • ungcoliseko, imichiza yokubulala izinambuzane, imichiza, iiplastiki, ukungunda
• I-microbiome yamathumbu
  • ukukhula okugqithisileyo kweentlobo ezingalunganga ngokubanzi ezidala ukuvumeleka kwamathumbu kunye nokudumba
• Izidlo ezivuthayo
  • ukutya okuqhelekileyo kwaseMelika, iikhabhohayidrethi ezicutshungulwayo kakhulu, iioyile ezikhuselweyo, iiswekile eziphezulu ezingalawulekiyo

I-neuroinflammation engapheliyo yimpendulo ye-immune kwenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi ntlobo zohlaselo. Le mpendulo ye-immune iphumela ekusebenzeni kweeseli ze-microglial ezithi emva koko zivelise i-cytokines ezivuthayo, ngokukodwa, i-TNF-α kunye ne-IL-1β, ukuze kungabikho nto ibonwa njengeyingozi. Kodwa ngokwenza oko, kukho umonakalo owenziwe kwizicubu ezijikelezileyo ezivela kwezi cytokines. Ingqondo ke kufuneka ilungiswe, nto leyo elucelomngeni ukuyifeza xa kukho ukudumba okungayekiyo.

Enye ithiyori ebangela umdla yeempawu zokudakumba ebonwa kwibipolar inento yokwenza namaxesha onyaka. Kukho izinga eliphezulu leempawu zokudakumba kwi-bipolar disorder entwasahlobo. Olunye uphando olunomdla lufumene ukuba iimpawu zokudakumba zihambelana ne-blood serum immune marker immunoglobulin E. Kucingelwa ukuba entwasahlobo, njengoko i-pollen inyuka, iimpawu zokudakumba kubantu abane-bipolar zinokugqithiswa ngenxa yempendulo ye-cytokine ye-pro-inflammatory ebangelwa yi-allergies.

Ukuveliswa kweMicroglial yee-cytokines ezivuthayo kubaluleke ngakumbi kwi-bipolar disorder kuba zinika indlela ecacileyo yeempawu esizibonayo kwi-bipolar disorder. Abalamli abadumbayo, njengeecytokines, babumba usasazo lwe-synaptic kwaye bade bahlube unxibelelwano phakathi kweeseli zengqondo (inkqubo eqhelekileyo ebizwa ngokuba kukuthena okuphuma esandleni kunye ne-neuroinflammation engapheliyo). Olu tshintsho kwingqondo luphazamisa ingqalelo, ukusebenza kakuhle (ukucwangcisa, ukufunda, ukulawula ukuziphatha kunye neemvakalelo), kunye nokusilela kwememori. Ihippocampus, eyinxalenye yengqondo enemisebenzi ebalulekileyo ekwenziweni kwenkumbulo, ibethwa kakhulu yi-neuroinflammation. Ukuveliswa okungathintelwanga kwee-cytokines ezivuthayo kubangela ukufa kweeseli zengqondo ngaphambi kwexesha.

Ukonyuka kwemveliso ye-cytokine yokuvuvukala kunendima eyomeleleyo yokuba kutheni sibona ukungasebenzi kakuhle okuqhubelekayo kubemi ngaphezu kweqhina nakwiindawo ezininzi zokulinganisa. Ukwenziwa kusebenze ngokugqithisileyo kweeseli ze-microglial kukhokelela ekonyukeni kokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ukusebenza ngokuqhubekayo okumandundu, ukugula okugulayo okubandakanya ukugula okungapheliyo, kwaye ekugqibeleni, ukufa kwangaphambi kwexesha kwabo banengxaki ye-bipolar.

Ke ukudumba kunye nokuncipha kokudumba, kwaye ngethemba ukulungisa unobangela wokudumba komguli ngamnye, iba yinto ekujoliswe kuyo ebaluleke kakhulu yokungenelela kuhambo lwabo oluya kwimpilo entle.

I-keto inciphisa njani ukuvuvukala

Andicingi ukuba ungenelelo olungcono lokuvuvukala lukhona kunokutya kwe-ketogenic. Ndiyazi ukuba lilizwi eliphakamileyo elo kodwa ndinyamezele. Izidlo ze-Ketogenic zenza into ebizwa ngokuba yi-ketones. I-Ketones yimizimba yomqondiso, oku kuthetha ukuba bayakwazi ukuthetha nofuzo. Imizimba ye-Ketone ibonwe ukuba iguqule ngokoqobo imfuza eyinxalenye yeendlela ezingapheliyo ezivuthayo. Izidlo ze-Ketogenic zisebenza kakuhle ekudumbeni zisetyenziselwa isifo samathambo kunye nezinye iimeko ezibuhlungu ezingapheliyo.

Kodwa linda umzuzu, unokuthi, ezo ayizizo iimeko zokudumba kwengqondo. Ezo zizifo zokudumba kwe-peripheral ukuze zingabali. Ukuchukumisa.

Kodwa siyazi ukuba ukutya kwe-ketogenic kulungile kwi-neuroinflammation kangangokuba siyisebenzisa ngokwenzakala kwengqondo. Emva kokwenzakala okumanyumnyezi kwengqondo, kukho isaqhwithi esikhulu secytokine ekuphenduleni ukwenzakala, Kwaye le mpendulo yenza umonakalo kaninzi kunohlaselo lokuqala. Ukutya kwe-Ketogenic kuyayithulisa loo mpendulo Ukuba ukutya kwe-ketogenic kunokudibanisa ukulimala kwengqondo kwi-neuroinflammation, andiboni ukuba kutheni kungayi kuba yinto ekhethiweyo ye-bipolar disorder. Sikwayisebenzisela izifo ezininzi ze-neurodeergenerative ezifana ne-Alzheimer's, isifo sikaParkinson, kunye ne-ALS. Zonke iimeko ezinento ebaluleke kakhulu ye-neuroinflammation.

Ke kutheni singasebenzisi i-ketogenic eyenziwe kakuhle, i-anti-inflammatory diet ukunyanga iindlela ezisisiseko zokukrala esizibonayo kwi-bipolar disorder?

I-Bipolar Disorder kunye ne-Oxidative Stress

Uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative yinto eyenzekayo xa kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-oxygen esebenzayo (ROS). I-ROS iyenzeka kungakhathaliseki ukuba senza ntoni. Kodwa imizimba yethu iyayazi into emayenze ngayo. Side sibe ne-endogenous (eyenziwe emzimbeni wethu) iinkqubo ze-antioxidant endaweni ezisinceda ukuba sijongane nazo kwaye sinciphise umonakalo wokuphila kunye nokuphefumla, kunye nokutya. Kodwa kubantu abane-bipolar disorder, ezi nkqubo ze-antioxidant azisebenzi ngokufanelekileyo okanye azikwazi ukuqhubeka nomonakalo oqhubekayo. Kwaye ke, kubantu abane-bipolar disorder, iimpawu zoxinzelelo lwe-oxidative zihlala ziphezulu kunolawulo oluqhelekileyo kuncwadi lophando. Ayisiso isiphawuli esinye esiphezulu kakhulu; baninzi kubo.

Uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative, kunye nokungakwazi komzimba ukuphelisa ngokwaneleyo i-neuroinflammation, banoxanduva lokuguga kwe-hippocampal ecetywayo ukuba ibe phantsi kwe-neurocognitive dysfunctions ebonwa kwizigulana ze-BD. Uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative lubangela ukuguga kwengqondo ngokukhawuleza kwi-BD kwaye inoxanduva lwamanqanaba aphezulu e-mitochondrial (iibhetri zeeseli) iinguqulelo ze-DNA ezibonwa kwizifundo zokufa.

Kodwa ukunika nje abantu abane-bipolar disorder unyango lwe-antioxidant ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative kuneziphumo ezixubileyo, kwaye abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba oku kungenxa yokuba amanqanaba oxinzelelo lwe-oxidative aphenjelelwa yi-mitochondrial dysfunction. Khumbula into esiyifundileyo malunga ne-hypometabolism yobuchopho kunye nokusilela kwamandla kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-mitochondrial esikubonayo kwi-bipolar disorder? I-bipolar disorder kukuphazamiseka kwemetabolism yengqondo, kwaye akukho nje amandla aneleyo okusebenzisa ingqondo?

Kwaloo mcimbi unokuba noxanduva lwamanqanaba oxinzelelo lwe-oxidative abonwa ngabaphandi. Ubuncinci kwinxalenye ethile yabo banengxaki ye-bipolar kunye noxinzelelo lwe-oxidative.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yimbangela ephambili okanye indlela yesibini ye-pathology kwi-bipolar disorder, siyazi ukuba uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative luluncedo ekudaleni iimpawu esizibonayo kwi-bipolar disorder. Kwaye ngenxa yeso sizathu, sifuna ungenelelo olunciphisa ngokuthe ngqo uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative, ngokukhethekileyo ngeendlela ezininzi.

I-keto ilunciphisa njani uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative

Inkqubo endiyithandayo yinkqubo ye-antioxidant engapheliyo yi-glutathione. Le yinkqubo ye-antioxidant enamandla kakhulu ukuba izidlo ze-ketogenic zilawula ngokwenene. Oku kunyuswa kwe-glutathione kukunceda ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative, kwaye kunokuphucula ukusebenza kunye nempilo yengqondo ye-bipolar. Isondlo esiphuculweyo esenzeka ngokutya kwe-ketogenic eyenziwe kakuhle sikwaphucula imveliso ye-glutathione. Ibhonasi eyongeziweyo.

Iintlobo ezimbini ze-ketones-β-hydroxybutyrate kunye ne-acetoacetate-zifunyenwe ukunciphisa amanqanaba e-ROS kwi-mitochondria eyodwa ye-neocortical (Maalouf et al., 2007)

Uphando olongezelelweyo luyafuneka ukufumanisa iindlela ezithile ze-KD kuxinzelelo lwe-oxidative ngeempembelelo kwi-ROS kunye namanqanaba e-antioxidant. Kungenzeka ukuba iziphumo ezichasayo zokuvuvukala kwemizimba ye-ketone zifezekiswa ngokuchaphazela iindlela ezininzi ze-biochemical.

Yu, B., Ozveren, R., & Dalai, SS (2021). Ukutya kwe-Ketogenic njengonyango lwe-metabolic lwe-bipolar disorder: uphuhliso lwezonyango.
DOI: 10.21203 / rs.3.rs-334453 / v2

Njengoko isicatshulwa sinxibelelana kakuhle, ukutya kwe-ketogenic kuchaphazela iindlela ezininzi eziguqula uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative. Ngaphandle kwemizimba ye-ketone, impilo ephuculweyo ye-neuronal eyenzeka ngokutya okune-ketogenic, njengokunyuka kwe-BDNF, i-neurotransmitters elungelelanisiweyo engabangeli umonakalo we-neuronal (ndikujongile, i-glutamate kunye ne-dopamine!), kunye ne-cell membranes enempilo yonke yenze yabo. inxaxheba ekunciphiseni uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative. Loo nto iphuculweyo ye-membrane enokubakho kunye nomsebenzi, kunye nokuphuculwa kwesondlo sesondlo esivela kwi-ketogenic yokutya eyenziwe kakuhle, iphucula ngokwenene i-enzyme kunye nemveliso ye-neurotransmitter, edlala indima ekulweni noxinzelelo lwe-oxidative.

Kwaye sele uyazi kwaye uyaqonda ukuba ukutya kwe-ketogenic kulawula ukuveliswa kwe-mitochondria, ukuphucula ukusebenza kwabo, kodwa kukhuthaze iiseli zengqondo ukuba zenze ezininzi zazo. Kwaye khawufane ucinge ukuba ingcono kangakanani iseli yobuchopho inokulawula i-ROS enezindlu ezininzi ezincinci zeeseli ezincwinayo ngokwenza amandla. Oku kunokuba yindlela apho uxinzelelo lwe-oxidate lunokuthi luncitshiswe kakhulu kwingqondo ye-bipolar.

isiphelo

Ngoku ukuba ufunde iimpembelelo ezinamandla zokutya kwe-ketogenic kwi-hypometabolism yobuchopho, ibhalansi ye-neurotransmitter, ukudumba, kunye noxinzelelo lwe-oxidative ndiya kukushiya nesi sicatshulwa sixoxa nge-hypothesized yangoku malunga neenkqubo zesifo esizibonayo kwi-bipolar disorder.

I-pathophysiological hypothesis yesi sifo icebisa ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-taht kwi-intracellular biochemical cascades, uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-mitochondrial yonakalisa iinkqubo ezihambelana ne-neuronal plasticity, ekhokelela kumonakalo weseli kunye nokulahleka kwezicubu zobuchopho ezichongiwe kwi-postmortem kunye neuroimaging.

Abaselula, AH, & Juruena, MF (2020). I-Neurobiology ye-Bipolar Disorder. Kwi I-Bipolar Disorder: Ukusuka kwi-Neuroscience ukuya kuNyango (iphe. 1-20). Springer, Cham. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F7854_2020_179

Okwangoku, ndiziva ndiqinisekile ukuba unokwenza olo nxibelelwano kwaye ube nokuqonda okungcono malunga nendlela ukutya kwe-ketogenic kunokuba lunyango olunamandla lwe-bipolar disorder okanye olomntu omthandayo.

Ndiya kuba ndoyika ukubhala le post yeblogi kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, nangona zininzi iingxelo ze-anecdotal eziphuma kubantu abachaza iimpawu eziphuculwe kakhulu kunye nokusebenza. Ndivuya kakhulu ukubona uphando oluninzi lusenziwa.

Isizathu sokuba ndibe nentembelo ngakumbi ekubhaleni i-blog post efana nale nto kukuba kukho izifundo eziphononongelwe ngontanga ezibonisa ukuxolelwa kweempawu ze-bipolar usebenzisa ukutya kwe-ketogenic kunye nee-RCT eziqhubekayo zijonga ukutya kwe-ketogenic njengonyango lwe-bipolar disorder. Kukho nomsebenzi wabaphandi abahlalutya kwizimvo kwiiforamu apho abantu abane-bipolar disorder baxoxa ngokusebenzisa ukutya kwe-ketogenic ukuze bazive ngcono (bona I-Ketosis kunye ne-bipolar disorder: uphononongo olulawulwayo lohlalutyo lweengxelo ze-intanethi).

Kukho itheyibhile egqwesileyo (Itheyibhile 1) kwinqaku lejenali Ukutya kwe-Ketogenic njengonyango lwe-metabolic lwe-bipolar disorder: uphuhliso lwezonyango ezichaza kakuhle iindlela zokutya okune-ketogenic kunokunceda ukunyanga i-bipolar disorder. Ekubeni usanda kuthatha ixesha lokufunda eli nqaku, uya kuqonda ngcono kakhulu ukuba le theyibhile inxibelelana njani! Ndiyidale kwakhona apha:

Iindlela zeBD	Iimpawu zeBD	Iziphumo zeKD ezinokwenzeka
Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kweMitochondrial	Ukuncipha kwimveliso yezinga lamandla	Yenza i-biogenesis ye-mitochondrial
Na/K Ukulahleka komsebenzi we-ATPase	Imveliso ye-ATP ephazamisekileyo nge-phosphorylation ye-Oxidative	inikeza enye indlela yokuvelisa amandla nge ketosis
Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwePDC	Amanqanaba e-ATP angazinzanga ngenxa yemveliso ye-glycolysis kuphela	Ibonelela ngenye indlela yokuvelisa amandla nge-ketosis
Uxinzelelo oluxhasayo	Ukunyuka kwe-ROS ekhokelela kumonakalo we-neuronal	Ukunciphisa amanqanaba e-ROS kunye nemizimba ye-ketone; Yandisa amanqanaba e-HDL e-cholesterol ye-neuroprotection
Umsebenzi we-Monoaminergic	Utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha kunye neemvakalelo ngenxa yokungalingani kokugxilwa kwe-neurotransmitter	Ilawula i-neurotransmitter metabolites ngokusebenzisa imizimba ye-ketone kunye neziphakathi
Dopamine	Ukonyuka kokusebenza kwe-receptor kubangela iimpawu ze-mania	Yehlisa i-dopamine metabolites
Serotonin	Amanqanaba ancitshisiweyo abangela iimpawu zokudakumba	Yehlisa i-serotonin metabolites
Norepinephrin	Amanqanaba ancitshisiweyo abangela iimpawu zokudakumba	Akukho tshintsho lubalulekileyo oluphawulweyo kwizifundo zangaphambili
GABA	Amanqanaba ancitshisiweyo anxulumene noxinzelelo kunye neempawu ze-mania	Yandisa amanqanaba e-GABA
Glutamate	Ukunyuka kumanqanaba akhokelela kwiimfuno zamandla angazinzanga kunye nomonakalo we-neuronal	Yehlisa amanqanaba e-glutamate
I-GSK-3 Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-Enzyme / Ukunqongophala	I-Apoptosis kunye nomonakalo we-neuronal	Yandisa i-antioxidants ukubonelela nge-neuroprotection

Ukuba ufumene le bhlog iluncedo okanye inomdla, unokukonwabela ukufunda indlela ukutya kwe ketogenic kunokudlala indima ekuguquleni ukubonakaliswa kofuzo.

Ngaba ukutya kwe-ketogenic kulamla impembelelo yemfuza ye-bipolar disorder?

Ukuba une-comorbidities kunye nezinye iziphazamiso, unokufumanisa kuluncedo ukukhangela kwam blog (ibha yokukhangela ezantsi kwephepha kwiidesktops) kwaye ubone ukuba ukutya kwe-ketogenic kuneziphumo eziluncedo kwezo nkqubo zesifo ngokunjalo. Ezinye zezona zidume kakhulu ezinokubaluleka kwi-bipolar disorder ziquka:

Ngaba i-keto inokunyanga ukudakumba kwam ngaphandle kweyeza?

I-Ketogenic Diet iNyanga uTywala

Ukutya kwe-ketogenic kunceda njani ukuphazamiseka kokuxhalaba?

Njengogqirha wezempilo yengqondo onceda abantu ukuba batshintshele kwi-ketogenic yokutya kwimpilo yengqondo kunye nemiba ye-neurological, ndinokuxelela ukuba ndibona ukuphuculwa rhoqo kwabo banokusebenzisa ukutya kwe-ketogenic rhoqo. Kwaye olo luninzi lwezigulane zam. Ayilonyango olungazinzanga lwe-bipolar disorder okanye naziphi na ezinye iziphazamiso endizinyangayo ndisebenzisa ukutya kwe-ketogenic, unyango lwengqondo, kunye nezinye iindlela zokondla okanye ezisebenzayo zengqondo.

Unokonwabela ukufunda isampulu yam encinci yeCase Studies Apha. Kwabanye babaxumi bam, imalunga nokuzama enye into ngaphandle kwamayeza ukunyanga ingxaki yabo ye-bipolar. Kwabaninzi, malunga nokunciphisa iimpawu zeprodromal abaqhubeka behlala nazo, kwaye abaninzi bahlala kwiyeza elinye okanye ngaphezulu. Rhoqo ngedosi esezantsi.

Unokonwabela ezinye izithuba malunga nengxaki ye-bipolar kunye nokusebenzisa ukutya kwe-ketogenic apha:

Ngaba ukutya kwe-ketogenic kulamla impembelelo yemfuza ye-bipolar disorder?

Ngaba ndifuna uncedo ngokwenza i-keto ukuba ndinesifo sengqondo?

Izibonelelo zempilo yengqondo kwi-Ketogenic Diet

Unokuxhamla ngokufunda malunga nenkqubo yam ye-intanethi endiyisebenzisayo ukufundisa abantu indlela yokutshintshela kwisidlo se-ketogenic, uhlalutyo lwe-nutrigenomic kunye nokuqeqeshwa kwezempilo okusebenzayo ukuze ube nengqondo ephilileyo!

Inkqubo yoBuyiselo lweNkungu yengqondo

Njengale nto ufunda kwibhlog? Ngaba uyafuna ukufunda malunga neewebinars ezizayo, iikhosi, kunye nokubonelela ngenkxaso kunye nokusebenza nam kwiinjongo zakho zempilo? Bhalisa ngezantsi:

Isikhokelo seSondlo seBrain sasimahla

---

Ucaphulo

Benedetti, F., Aggio, V., Pratesi, ML, Greco, G., & Furlan, R. (2020). I-Neuroinflammation kwi-Bipolar Depression. Frontiers kwi-Psychiatry, 11. https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00071

Brady, RO, McCarthy, JM, Prescot, AP, Jensen, JE, Cooper, AJ, Cohen, BM, Renshaw, PF, & Ongür, D. (2013). I-Brain gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) engaqhelekanga kwi-bipolar disorder. Iziphazamiso zeBipolar, 15(4), 434-439. https://doi.org/10.1111/bdi.12074

Campbell, I., & Campbell, H. (2019). I-pyruvate dehydrogenase complex disorder hypothesis ye-bipolar disorder. Unyango lwezonyango, 130, 109263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109263

Campbell, IH, & Campbell, H. (2019). I-Ketosis kunye ne-bipolar disorder: Uphononongo olulawulwayo lohlalutyo lweengxelo ze-intanethi. BJPsych evulekileyo, 5(4). https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2019.49

Ching, CRK, Hibar, DP, Gurholt, TP, Nunes, A., Thomopoulos, SI, Abé, C., Agartz, I., Brouwer, RM, Cannon, DM, de Zwarte, SMC, Eyler, LT, Favre, P., Hajek, T., Haukvik, UK, Houenou, J., Landén, M., Lett, TA, McDonald, C., Nabulsi, L., … Iqela, EBDW (2022). Yintoni esiyifundayo malunga ne-bipolar disorder kwi-neuroimaging enkulu: Iziphumo kunye nezikhokelo zexesha elizayo ezivela kwiQela eliSebenzayo le-ENIGMA Bipolar Disorder. Imephu yeBongo yoBuntu, 43(1), 56-82. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.25098

Christensen, MG, Damsgaard, J., & Fink-Jensen, A. (2021). Ukusetyenziswa kwezidlo ze-ketogenic kunyango lwezifo zenkqubo ye-nervous central: ukuphononongwa ngokuchanekileyo. Ijenali ye-Nordic ye-Psychiatry, 75(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1080/08039488.2020.1795924

Coello, K., Vinberg, M., Knop, FK, Pedersen, BK, McIntyre, RS, Kessing, LV, & Munkholm, K. (2019). Iprofayili ye-Metabolic kwizigulana ezisanda kufunyaniswa ukuba zine-bipolar disorder kunye nezalamane zabo ezingachaphazelekiyo zenqanaba lokuqala. Ijenali yeHlabathi yeZiphazamiso zeBipolar, 7(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40345-019-0142-3

Dahlin, M., Elfving, A., Ungerstedt, U., & Amark, P. (2005). Ukutya kwe-ketogenic kuchaphazela amanqanaba e-excitatory kunye ne-inhibitory amino acids kwi-CSF kubantwana abane-refractory epilepsy. Uphando lweSithuthwane, 64(3), 115-125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2005.03.008

Dahlin, M., Månsson, J.-E., & Åmark, P. (2012). Amanqanaba e-CSF e-dopamine kunye ne-serotonin, kodwa kungekhona i-norepinephrine, i-metabolites iphenjelelwa kukutya kwe-ketogenic kubantwana abanesifo sokuwa. Uphando lweSithuthwane, 99(1), 132-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2011.11.003

Dalai, Sethi (2021). Impembelelo ye-Carbohydrate ephantsi, i-Fat-High-Fat, i-Ketogenic Diet kwi-Obesity, i-Metabolic Abnormalities kunye ne-Psychiatric Symptoms kwizigulane ezine-Schizophrenia okanye i-Bipolar Illness: i-Open Pilot Trial (Ubhaliso lweTyala lweKlinikhi No. NCT03935854). clinicaltrials.gov. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03935854

Delvecchio, G., Mandolini, GM, Arighi, A., Prunas, C., Mauri, CM, Pietroboni, AM, Marotta, G., Cinnante, CM, Triulzi, FM, Galimberti, D., Scarpini, E., Altamura, AC, & Brambilla, P. (2019). Ukuguqulwa kwesakhiwo kunye ne-metabolic ye-cerebral phakathi kokuphazamiseka kwe-bipolar yabadala kunye nokuziphatha okungafaniyo kwe-frontotemporal dementia: isifundo esidibeneyo se-MRI-PET. I-Australia kunye neNew Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 53(5), 413-423. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867418815976

Delvecchio, G., Pigoni, A., Altamura, AC, & Brambilla, P. (2018b). Isahluko 10 - Isiseko sokuqonda kunye ne-neural ye-hypomania: Iimbono zokubonwa kwangaphambili kwe-bipolar disorder. Kwi-JC Soares, C. Walss-Bass, & P. ​​Brambilla (Eds.), Ukuba sesichengeni seBipolar Disorder (iphepha 195–227). I-Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-812347-8.00010-5

Df, T. (2019). Ukuxilongwa okungafaniyo kokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kwi-Bipolar Disorder: Ingxelo yeNgxelo. Ijenali yeeNgxelo zeKlinikhi yeeNgxelo, 09(01). https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-7920.10001203

Ukutya kunye nokutya kwezonyango kwi-Parkinson's disease-ScienceDirect. (nd). Ifunyenwe ngoFebruwari 4, 2022, ukusuka https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213453019300230

Dilimulati, D., Zhang, F., Shao, S., Lv, T., Lu, Q., Cao, M., Jin, Y., Jia, F., & Zhang, X. (2022). Ukutya kwe-Ketogenic Modulates Neuroinflammation ngeMetabolites esuka kwiLactobacillus reuteri emva kokulimala okuPhindayo okuPhindayo okuNzakalayo okuNzakala kwengqondo kwiiMice ezifikisayo [Ushicilelo lwangaphambili]. Kuphononongo. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1155536/v1

I-Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex-Isishwankathelo | Izihloko zeSayensiDirect. (nd). Ibuyiselwe nge-31 kaJanuwari 2022, ukusuka https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/dorsal-anterior-cingulate-cortex

I-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex-Umbono jikelele | Izihloko zeSayensiDirect. (nd). Ibuyiselwe nge-31 kaJanuwari 2022, ukusuka https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/dorsolateral-prefrontal-cortex

UDuman, RS, Sanacora, G., & Krystal, JH (2019). UXhagamshelwano olutshintshiweyo kwi-Depression: i-GABA kunye ne-Glutamate Neurotransmitter Deficits kunye nokuBuyiswa ngoNyango lweNoveli. Neuron, 102(1), 75-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2019.03.013

Fatemi, SH, Folsom, TD, & Thuras, PD (2017). I-GABAA kunye ne-GABAB ye-receptor dysregulation kwi-cortex yangaphambili ephezulu yezifundo ezine-schizophrenia kunye ne-bipolar disorder. Synapse, 71(7), e21973. https://doi.org/10.1002/syn.21973

Fries, GR, Bauer, IE, Scaini, G., Valvassori, SS, Walss-Bass, C., Soares, JC, & Quevedo, J. (2020). Ukuguga okukhawulezileyo kwe-hippocampal yebhayoloji kwi-bipolar disorder. Iziphazamiso zeBipolar, 22(5), 498-507. https://doi.org/10.1111/bdi.12876

Fries, GR, Bauer, IE, Scaini, G., Wu, M.-J., Kazimi, IF, Valvassori, SS, Zunta-Soares, G., Walss-Bass, C., Soares, JC, & Quevedo, J. (2017). Ukuguga okukhawulezileyo kwe-epigenetic kunye nenombolo yekopi ye-mitochondrial ye-DNA kwi-bipolar disorder. Psychiatry yokuguqulela, 7(12), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-017-0048-8

Imida | I-DTI kunye ne-Myelin Plasticity kwi-Bipolar Disorder: Ukudibanisa i-Neuroimaging kunye ne-Neuropathological Findings | Unyango lwengqondo. (nd). Ibuyiselwe nge-30 kaJanuwari 2022, ukusuka https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00021/full

Haarman, BCM (Benno), Riemersma-Van der Lek, RF, de Groot, JC, Ruhé, HG (Eric), Klein, HC, Zandstra, TE, Burger, H., Schoevers, RA, de Vries, EFJ, Drexhage , HA, Nolen, WA, & Doorduin, J. (2014). I-Neuroinflammation kwi-bipolar disorder - A [11C] - (R)-PK11195 i-positron emission tomography study. Ubunjongo, Ukuziphatha, kunye nokuNyango, 40, 219-225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2014.03.016

Hallböök, T., Ji, S., Maudsley, S., & Martin, B. (2012). Imiphumo yokutya kwe-ketogenic ekuziphatheni nasekuqondeni. Uphando lweSithuthwane, 100(3), 304-309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2011.04.017

Hartman, AL, Gasior, M., Vining, EPG, & Rogawski, MA (2007). I-Neuropharmacology ye-Ketogenic Diet. I-Neurology yezilwanyana, 36(5), 281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2007.02.008

Jensen, NJ, Wodschow, HZ, Nilsson, M., & Rungby, J. (2020). Iimpembelelo ze-Ketone Bodies kwi-Brain Metabolism kunye noMsebenzi kwi-Neurodeergenerative Diseases. I-International Journal ye-Molecular Sciences, 21(22). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21228767

UJiménez-Fernández, S., Gurpegui, M., Garrote-Rojas, D., Gutiérrez-Rojas, L., Carretero, MD, & Correll, CU (2021). Iiparamitha zoxinzelelo lwe-oxidative kunye ne-antioxidants kwizigulane ezine-bipolar disorder: Iziphumo ezivela kwi-meta-analysis ethelekisa izigulane, kubandakanya i-stratification nge-polarity kunye ne-euthymic status, kunye nolawulo olunempilo. Iziphazamiso zeBipolar, 23(2), 117-129. https://doi.org/10.1111/bdi.12980

Jones, GH, Vecera, CM, Pinjari, OF, & Machado-Vieira, R. (2021). Iindlela zokubonisa ezivuthayo kwi-bipolar disorder. Ijenali yeSayensi yeBiomedical, 28(1), 45. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12929-021-00742-6

Kato, T. (2005). I-Mitochondrial Dysfunction kunye ne-Bipolar Disorder. Nihon Shinkei Seishin Yakurigaku Zasshi = Ijenali yaseJapan yePsychopharmacology, 25, 61-72. https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2010_52

Kato, T. (2022). Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kweMitochondrial kwi-bipolar disorder (iphepha 141–156). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-821398-8.00014-X

Ukutya kwe-Ketogenic kwisifo se-bipolar. (2002). Iziphazamiso zeBipolar, 4(1), 75-75. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-5618.2002.01212.x

Ketter, TA, Wang, Po. W., Becker, OV, Nowakowska, C., & Yang, Y.-S. (2003). Iindima ezahlukeneyo ze-Anticonvulsants kwi-Bipolar Disorders. Izibhengezo zonyango lweengqondo, 15(2), 95-108. https://doi.org/10.3109/10401230309085675

Kovács, Z., D'Agostino, DP, Diamond, D., Kindy, MS, Rogers, C., & Ari, C. (2019). Amandla oNyango lwe-Exogenous Ketone Supplement eyenziwe yi-Ketosis kuNyango lweZiphazamiso zengqondo: Uphononongo loNcwadi lwangoku. Frontiers kwi-Psychiatry, 10. https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00363

Kuperberg, M., Greenebaum, S., & Nierenberg, A. (2020). Ukujolisa kwiMitochondrial Dysfunction kwiBipolar Disorder. Kwi Izihloko zangoku kwii-neuroscience zokuziphatha (Umqu. 48). https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2020_152

Lund, TM, Obel, LF, Risa, Ø., & Sonnewald, U. (2011). I-β-Hydroxybutyrate yeyona nto ikhethiweyo ye-GABA kunye ne-glutamate synthesis ngelixa i-glucose iyimfuneko ngexesha lokuchithwa kwe-depolarization kwi-GABAergic neurons. I-Neurochemistry International, 59(2), 309-318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuint.2011.06.002

Lund, TM, Risa, O., Sonnewald, U., Schousboe, A., & Waagepetersen, HS (2009). Ubukho be-neurotransmitter glutamate buyancipha xa i-beta-hydroxybutyrate ithatha indawo yeglucose kwiineurons ezikhulisiwe. Journal of Neurochemistry, 110(1), 80-91. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06115.x

Magalhães, PV, Kapczinski, F., Nierenberg, AA, Deckersbach, T., Weisinger, D., Dodd, S., & Berk, M. (2012). Umthwalo wokugula kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwezonyango kwiNkqubo yoNyango lweNkqubo yokuPhucula iBipolar Disorder. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 125(4), 303-308. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2011.01794.x

Manalai, P., Hamilton, RG, Langenberg, P., Kosisky, SE, Lapidus, M., Sleemi, A., Scrandis, D., Cabassa, JA, Rogers, CA, Regenold, WT, Dickerson, F., Vittone, BJ, Guzman, A., Balis, T., Tonelli, LH, & Postolache, TT (2012). I-Pollen-specific immunoglobulin E positivity inxulunyaniswa nokuba mandundu kwamanqaku okudakumba kwizigulana ezine-bipolar ngexesha lonyaka we-pollen ophezulu. Iziphazamiso zeBipolar, 14(1), 90-98. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-5618.2012.00983.x

Marx, W., McGuinness, A., Rocks, T., Ruusunen, A., Cleminson, J., Walker, A., Gomes-da-Costa, S., Lane, M., Sanches, M., Paim Diaz, A., Tseng, P.-T., Lin, P.-Y., Berk, M., Clarke, G., O'Neil, A., Jacka, F., Stubbs, B., Carvalho, A., Quevedo, J., & Fernandes, B. (2021). Indlela ye-kynurenine kwingxaki enkulu yokudakumba, i-bipolar disorder, kunye ne-schizophrenia: Uhlalutyo lwe-meta lwezifundo ze-101. I-Molecular Psychiatry, 26. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-020-00951-9

Matsumoto, R., Ito, H., Takahashi, H., Ando, ​​T., Fujimura, Y., Nakayama, K., Okubo, Y., Obata, T., Fukui, K., & Suhara, T. (2010). Ukunciphisa umthamo wegrey we-dorsal cingulate cortex kwizigulana ezine-obsessive-compulsive disorder: isifundo se-voxel-based morphometric. I-Psychiatry ne-Clinical Neuroscience, 64(5), 541-547. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1819.2010.02125.x

McDonald, TJW, & Cervenka, MC (2018). Ukutya kwe-Ketogenic kwi-Adult Neurological Disorders. Neurotherapeutics, 15(4), 1018-1031. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13311-018-0666-8

Morris, A. a. M. (2005). I-Cerebral ketone umzimba wemetabolism. Ijenali yeZifo zeMetabolic eziZalwa, 28(2), 109-121. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10545-005-5518-0

Motzkin, JC, Baskin-Sommers, A., Newman, JP, Kiehl, KA, & Koenigs, M. (2014). I-Neural correlates yokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi: Ukunciphisa unxibelelwano olusebenzayo phakathi kweendawo eziphantsi komvuzo kunye nolawulo lokuqonda. Imephu yeBongo yoBuntu, 35(9), 4282. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.22474

Musat, EM, Marlinge, E., Leroy, M., Olié, E., Magnin, E., Lebert, F., Gabelle, A., Bennabi, D., Blanc, F., Paquet, C., & Cognat, E. (2021). Iimpawu zeBipolar izigulana ezinokuphazamiseka kwengqondo ye-Neurodeergenerative Origin ekrokrelekayo: Iqela le-Multicenter Cohort. Ijenali yezoNyango lomntu, 11(11), 1183. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11111183

Newman, JC, & Verdin, E. (2017). I-β-Hydroxybutyrate: Umqondiso weMetabolite. Uphononongo loNyaka lweSondlo, 37, 51. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nutr-071816-064916

O'Donnell, J., Zeppenfeld, D., McConnell, E., Pena, S., & Nedergaard, M. (2012). I-Norepinephrine: I-Neuromodulator Eyonyusa uMsebenzi weeNdidi ezininzi zeeSeli zokuphucula ukusebenza kwe-CNS. Uphando lwe-Neurochemical, 37(11), 2496. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-012-0818-x

O'Neill, BJ (2020). Isiphumo sokutya okune-carbohydrate ephantsi kumngcipheko we-cardiometabolic, ukunganyangeki kwe-insulin, kunye nesifo se-metabolic. Uluvo lwangoku kwi-Endocrinology, isifo seswekile kunye nokutyeba kakhulu, 27(5), 301-307. https://doi.org/10.1097/MED.0000000000000569

Özerdem, A., & Ceylan, D. (2021). Isahluko 6 - Iinkqubo ze-Neurooxidative kunye neuronitrosative kwi-bipolar disorder: ubungqina kunye neziphumo. Kwi-J. Quevedo, AF Carvalho, & E. Vieta (Eds.), I-Neurobiology ye-Bipolar Disorder (iphepha 71–83). I-Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819182-8.00006-5

Pålsson, E., Jakobsson, J., Södersten, K., Fujita, Y., Sellgren, C., Ekman, C.-J., Ågren, H., Hashimoto, K., & Landén, M. (2015) ). Iimpawu zokubonisa i-glutamate kwi-cerebrospinal fluid kunye ne-serum evela kwizigulane ezine-bipolar disorder kunye nokulawula okunempilo. I-European Neuropsychopharmacology: I-Journal ye-European College ye-Neuropsychopharmacology, 25(1), 133-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.11.001

(PDF) I-DTI kunye nePlasitiki yeMyelin kwi-Bipolar Disorder: Ukudibanisa i-Neuroimaging kunye ne-Neuropathological Findings. (nd). Ibuyiselwe nge-30 kaJanuwari 2022, ukusuka https://www.researchgate.net/publication/296469216_DTI_and_Myelin_Plasticity_in_Bipolar_Disorder_Integrating_Neuroimaging_and_Neuropathological_Findings?enrichId=rgreq-ca790ac8e880bc26b601ddea4eddf1f4-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzI5NjQ2OTIxNjtBUzozNDIzODc0MTYxNTgyMTNAMTQ1ODY0MjkyOTU4OA%3D%3D&el=1_x_3&_esc=publicationCoverPdf

Pinto, JV, Saraf, G., Keramatian, K., Chakrabarty, T., & Yatham, LN (2021). Isahluko sama-30-Iimpawu zeBipolar zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Kwi-J. Quevedo, AF Carvalho, & E. Vieta (Eds.), I-Neurobiology ye-Bipolar Disorder (iphepha 347–356). I-Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819182-8.00032-6

Rajkowska, G., Halaris, A., & Selemon, LD (2001). Ukuncitshiswa kwe-neuronal kunye ne-glial density kubonakalisa i-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex kwi-bipolar disorder. Psychiatry, 49(9), 741-752. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01080-0

Rantala, MJ, Luoto, S., Borráz-León, JI, & Krams, I. (2021). I-bipolar disorder: Indlela ye-evolutionary psychoneuroimmunological. I-Neuroscience kunye noPhononongo lweNdalo, 122, 28-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.12.031

Rolstad, S., Jakobsson, J., Sellgren, C., Isgren, A., Ekman, CJ, Bjerke, M., Blennow, K., Zetterberg, H., Pålsson, E., & Landén, M. ( 2015). I-CSF ye-neuroinflammatory biomarkers kwi-bipolar disorder inxulunyaniswa nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 25(8), 1091-1098. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.04.023

Roman Meller, M., Patel, S., Duarte, D., Kapczinski, F., & de Azevedo Cardoso, T. (2021). I-bipolar disorder kunye ne-frontotemporal dementia: uphononongo olucwangcisiweyo. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 144(5), 433-447. https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.13362

Romeo, B., Choucha, W., Fossati, P., & Rotge, J.-Y. (2018). I-Meta-analysis of central and peripheral γ-aminobutyric acid amanqanaba kwizigulane ezine-unipolar kunye ne-bipolar depression. Ijenali yePsychiatry kunye neNeuroscience, 43(1), 58-66. https://doi.org/10.1503/jpn.160228

Rowland, T., Perry, BI, Upthegrove, R., Barnes, N., Chatterjee, J., Gallacher, D., & Marwaha, S. (2018). I-Neurotrophins, i-cytokines, abalamli boxinzelelo lwe-oxidative kunye nesimo sengqondo kwi-bipolar disorder: uphononongo olucwangcisiweyo kunye nohlalutyo lwe-meta. Ijenali yaseBritane ye-Psychiatry, 213(3), 514-525. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2018.144

Saraga, M., Misson, N., & Cattani, E. (2020). Ukutya kwe-Ketogenic kwi-bipolar disorder. Iziphazamiso zeBipolar, 22. https://doi.org/10.1111/bdi.13013

Sayana, P., Colpo, GD, Simões, LR, Giridharan, VV, Teixeira, AL, Quevedo, J., & Barichello, T. (2017). Uphononongo olucwangcisiweyo lobungqina bendima yee-biomarkers ezivuthayo kwizigulana ze-bipolar. Umbhalo woPhando lwezeMpilo, 92, 160-182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.03.018

Selemon, LD, & Rajkowska, G. (2003). I-Cellular pathology kwi-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex yahlula i-schizophrenia kwi-bipolar disorder. Iyeza langoku leMolekyuli, 3(5), 427-436. https://doi.org/10.2174/1566524033479663

Shi, J., Badner, JA, Hattori, E., Potash, JB, Willour, VL, McMahon, FJ, Gershon, ES, & Liu, C. (2008). I-Neurotransmission kunye ne-Bipolar Disorder: Isifundo soMbutho esiSekwe kwiNtsapho. Ijenali yaseMelika yeGenetics yezoNyango. Icandelo B, i-Neuropsychiatric Genetics : Ushicilelo olusemthethweni lwe-International Society of Psychiatric Genetics, 147B(7), 1270. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.b.30769

Shiah, I.-S., & Yatham, LN (2000). I-Serotonin kwi-mania kunye nendlela yokwenza izinto zokuzinza kweemood: ukuphononongwa kwezifundo zeklinikhi. Iziphazamiso zeBipolar, 2(2), 77-92. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-5618.2000.020201.x

Stertz, L., Magalhães, PVS, & Kapczinski, F. (2013). Ngaba i-bipolar disorder yimeko yokuvuvukala? Ukufaneleka kokusebenza kwe-microglial. Uluvo lwangoku kwi-Psychiatry, 26(1), 19-26. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0b013e32835aa4b4

Sugawara, H., Bundo, M., Kasahara, T., Nakachi, Y., Ueda, J., Kubota-Sakashita, M., Iwamoto, K., & Kato, T. (2022a). Uhlalutyo lwe-cell-specific DNA methylation ye-cortices yangaphambili yeempuku eziguqukayo ze-Polg1 kunye nokuqokelelwa kwe-neuronal ye-DNA ye-mitochondrial ecinyiweyo. Brain Molecular, 15(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13041-021-00894-4

Sugawara, H., Bundo, M., Kasahara, T., Nakachi, Y., Ueda, J., Kubota-Sakashita, M., Iwamoto, K., & Kato, T. (2022b). Uhlalutyo lwe-cell-specific DNA methylation ye-cortices yangaphambili yeempuku eziguqukayo ze-Polg1 kunye nokuqokelelwa kwe-neuronal ye-DNA ye-mitochondrial ecinyiweyo. Brain Molecular, 15(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13041-021-00894-4

Ilanga, Z., Bo, Q., Mao, Z., Li, F., He, F., Pao, C., Li, W., He, Y., Ma, X., & Wang, C. (2021). Umsebenzi oNcitshisiweyo wePlasma weDopamine-β-Hydroxylase unxulunyaniswa nobunzima beBipolar Disorder: Uphononongo lwePilot. Frontiers kwi-Psychiatry, 12. https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.566091

Szot, P., Weinshenker, D., Rho, JM, Storey, TW, & Schwartzkroin, PA (2001). I-Norepinephrine iyadingeka kwimpembelelo ye-anticonvulsant yokutya kwe-ketogenic. UPhando lweNgqondo oluPhuhlisayo, 129(2), 211-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-3806(01)00213-9

Ułamek-Kozioł, M., Czuczwar, SJ, Januszewski, S., & Pluta, R. (2019). Ukutya kwe-Ketogenic kunye neSithuthwane. Amanzi, 11(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11102510

Hellwig, S., Domschke, K., & Meyer, PT (2019). Uhlaziyo kwi-PET kwi-neurodeergenerative kunye ne-neuroinflammatory disorders ebonakalisa kwinqanaba lokuziphatha: ukucinga ngokuxilongwa okwahlukileyo. Uluvo lwangoku kwi-Neurology, 32(4), 548-556. doi: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000000706

Wan Nasru, WN, Ab Razak, A., Yaacob, NM, & Wan Azman, WN (2021). Ukuguqulwa kwe-plasma alanine, i-glutamate, kunye neNqanaba le-glycine: Isiqephu esinamandla se-bipolar disorder. Ijenali yaseMalaysia yePathology, 43(1), 25-32.

Westfall, S., Lomis, N., Kahouli, I., Dia, S., Singh, S., & Prakash, S. (2017). I-Microbiome, i-probiotics kunye nezifo ze-neurodeergenerative: Ukucacisa i-axis yengqondo ye-gut. IiSayensi zoBomi zeSelula kunye neMolekyuli : CMLS, 74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-017-2550-9

Abaselula, AH, & Juruena, MF (2021). I-Neurobiology ye-Bipolar Disorder. Kwi-AH Young & MF Juruena (Eds.), I-Bipolar Disorder: Ukusuka kwi-Neuroscience ukuya kuNyango (iphe. 1–20). Upapasho lweSpringer International. https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2020_179

Yu, B., Ozveren, R., & Sethi Dalai, S. (2021a). Ukusetyenziswa kwe-carbohydrate ephantsi, ukutya kwe-ketogenic kwi-bipolar disorder: ukuphononongwa ngokuchanekileyo [Ushicilelo lwangaphambili]. Kuphononongo. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-334453/v1

Yu, B., Ozveren, R., & Sethi Dalai S. (2021b). Ukutya kwe-Ketogenic njengonyango lwe-metabolic lwe-bipolar disorder: uphuhliso lwezonyango [Ushicilelo lwangaphambili]. Kuphononongo. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-334453/v2

Yudkoff, M., Daikhin, Y., Nissim, I., Lazarow, A., & Nissim, I. (2004). Ukutya kwe-Ketogenic, ingqondo ye-glutamate metabolism kunye nokulawula ukubamba. I-Prostaglandins, iLeukotrienes, kunye ne-acid ebalulekileyo yeFutty, 70(3), 277-285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plefa.2003.07.005

Zhu, H., Bi, D., Zhang, Y., Kong, C., Du, J., Wu, X., Wei, Q., & Qin, H. (2022). Ukutya kwe-Ketogenic kwizifo zabantu: iindlela ezisisiseko kunye nokwenzeka kokuphunyezwa kweklinikhi. UTshintsho loMqondiso kunye noNyango oluJolisiweyo, 7(1), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-021-00831-w

I-β-Hydroxybutyrate, umzimba we-ketone, inciphisa umphumo we-cytotoxic we-cisplatin ngokusebenza kwe-HDAC5 kwiiseli ze-renal cortical epithelial-PubMed. (nd). Ibuyiselwe nge-29 kaJanuwari 2022, ukusuka https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30851335/