I-β-Hydroxybutyrate - Ngaba iityuwa ze-BHB zonke zidalwe zilingana?
Ixesha lokufunda eliqikelelweyo: 6 imizuzu
Kukho imizimba emithathu ye-ketone eyenziwe kwi-ketogenic diet. Le mizimba ye-ketone yi-acetoacetate (AcAc), i-beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), kunye ne-acetone. I-Acetoacetate ngumzimba wokuqala we-ketone oveliswa ngokuqhekeka kwamafutha esibindini. Inxalenye ye-acetoacetate iguqulwa ibe yi-beta-hydroxybutyrate, eyona nto ininzi kwaye izinzile umzimba we-ketone ojikelezayo.
Nangona imizimba emithathu ye-ketone iveliswa kwi-ketogenic diet, le post blog imalunga neBHB. Kukho umdla omkhulu ekuveliseni iBHB yomntu ngokusebenzisa ukutya kwe-ketogenic kunye nokuxhaswa. Uninzi lwabantu lusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zee-ketones zangaphandle ukunceda impilo yabo yengqondo.
Le misebenzi yokubonakalisa i-BHB idibanisa ngokubanzi indawo yangaphandle kwi-epigenetic gene regulation kunye nokusebenza kwamaselula, kwaye izenzo zabo zinokuthi zihambelane neentlobo zezifo zabantu kunye nokuguga kwabantu.
Newman, JC, & Verdin, E. (2017). I-β-Hydroxybutyrate: i-metabolite yomqondiso. Uphengululo lonyaka lwesondlo, 37, 51-76. https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-nutr-071816-064916
Kodwa ndifuna ukuba uqonde ukuba kukho ukungafani kwiifom zeBHB ezikhoyo.
I-D-BHB (i-D-beta-hydroxybutyrate) kunye ne-L-BHB (i-L-beta-hydroxybutyrate) ziifom ezimbini ze-ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate, kwaye ngokwenene ziyi-stereoisomers. Ngamagama alula, ziimolekyuli ezabelana ngefomula yekhemikhali efanayo kunye nokwakheka kodwa zineendlela ezahlukeneyo zeathom esithubeni, zizenza zibe nemifanekiso yesipili enye kwenye.
Umahluko wokwenyani phakathi kwezi zimbini ulele kwiindima zabo zebhayoloji kunye nomsebenzi owenziwayo emzimbeni. I-D-BHB yindlela esebenzayo yezinto eziphilayo, oku kuthetha ukuba yiyo edlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimveliso yamandla kunye ne-metabolism.
Xa ulandela ukutya kwe-ketogenic okanye ukuzila ukutya, isibindi sakho sivelisa i-D-BHB njengomzimba oyintloko we-ketone. Isebenza njengomthombo wamandla ongomnye wengqondo yakho, intliziyo, kunye nezihlunu xa i-glucose inqabile. I-D-BHB yifom ebonakaliswe ukuba ineempembelelo ezintle ezahlukeneyo kwiinkqubo zeselula, ezifana nokunyusa umsebenzi we-mitochondrial, i-autophagy, kunye ne-mitochondrial biogenesis.
Zonke ezi zinto zibalulekile kwimpilo yengqondo! Unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nezi nkqubo zemitochondrial apha kule post yebhlog endiyibhalileyo:
Ngokwahlukileyo, i-L-BHB yindlela engasebenziyo ye-biologically ye-beta-hydroxybutyrate. Iveliswa ngemilinganiselo emincinci emzimbeni kwaye inemisebenzi emincinci yemetabolism. Nangona kunjalo, kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba uphando lwakutsha nje luqala ukutyhila iindima ezinokuthi zenzeke kwi-L-BHB kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zeselula.
Ijika njani i-L-BHB ibe yi-D-BHB?
Emzimbeni womntu, ukuguqulwa kwe-L-BHB kwi-D-BHB kwenzeka ngenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-stereoisomerization. Kwilizwe lemolekyuli, i-stereoisomerization yinkqubo apho imolekyuli itshintsha ulungelelwaniso lwayo olunamacala amathathu e-athomu, iguqula istiriyori sibe kwesinye ngaphandle kokuguqula ubume bemolekyuli buphela. Olu tshintsho kulungiselelo lwendawo lunokubangela ukungafani kwiipropati kunye nemisebenzi yee-isomers ezibangelwayo. (Ukuba unobunzima bokubona le ngcaciso, le bhulogi Kufuneke ifundwe, njengoko inemizobo emikhulu eyenziwe ngabantu abakrelekrele kakhulu).
Ehlabathini le-BHB, ukuguqulwa kuququzelelwa yi-enzyme ebizwa ngokuba yi-beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (BDH1), ekhoyo kwi-mitochondria yeeseli, ngokukodwa kwisibindi.
I-enzyme ye-BDH1 ibangela ukuguqulwa kokuguqulwa kokuguqulwa phakathi kwe-stereoisomers ezimbini, i-L-BHB kunye ne-D-BHB. Ukusabela kwakhona kubandakanya i-coenzyme NAD +/NADH. Ngaphambi kwe-BDH1 kunye ne-NAD +, i-L-BHB i-oxidized ukwenza i-acetoacetate ngelixa inciphisa i-NAD + kwi-NADH. Emva koko, i-acetoacetate inokuncitshiswa ibuyele kwi-D-BHB, kunye ne-NADH i-oxidized ibuyele kwi-NAD + kwinkqubo.
Kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba le nkqubo yokuguqulwa kwe-interconversion ayiphumelelanga kakhulu, njengoko i-L-BHB ikhona emzimbeni ngamanani amancinci xa kuthelekiswa ne-D-BHB, kwaye i-enzyme ye-BDH1 inobudlelwane obuphezulu be-D-BHB. Ngenxa yoko, uninzi lwemizimba ye-ketone esetyenziselwa amandla yi-D-BHB, eyona fom ye-biologically esebenzayo ejongene nobuninzi beenzuzo zempilo ezinxulumene ne-ketosis.
Ulwazi olunzulu lwezenzo ezingapheliyo zeBHB, kunye nezixhobo eziphuculweyo zokuhambisa iBHB okanye ukuphindaphinda imiphumo yayo, inikeza isithembiso sokuphucula impilo yabantu kunye nokuphila ixesha elide.
UNewman, uJohn C., kunye no-Eric Verdin. "β-Hydroxybutyrate: i-metabolite ebonisayo." Uphengululo lonyaka lwesondlo 37 (2017): 51-76. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6640868/
Loluphi uhlobo lweBHB endiluthathayo?
Uninzi lweetyuwa ze-ketone kwiimarike zingumxube we-D-BHB kunye ne-L-BHB. Oku kungenxa yokuba inkqubo yokuvelisa i-ketone salts idla ngokubangela umxube we-racemic, oqulethe ixabiso elilinganayo le-stereoisomers ezimbini, i-D-BHB kunye ne-L-BHB. Ezi mveliso ngamanye amaxesha zibizwa ngokuba "ziityuwa ze-BHB zobuhlanga" okanye nje "iityuwa zeBHB."
I-D-BHB ibaluleke kakhulu i-ketogenic kwaye inikezela ngeekhalori ezimbalwa kunomxube we-racemic we-BHB okanye i-triglyceride ye-chain chain.
Cuenoud, B., Hartweg, M., Godin, JP, Croteau, E., Maltais, M., Castellano, CA, ... & Cunnane, SC (2020). I-Metabolism ye-D-beta-hydroxybutyrate yangaphandle, i-substrate yamandla esetyenziswa ngamandla yintliziyo kunye nezintso. Imida kwiZondlo, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2020.00013
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba i-D-BHB ifom ye-biologically esebenzayo, edibene neninzi yeenzuzo zezempilo ezibangelwa yimizimba ye-ketone, njengokuphucula i-metabolism yamandla, umsebenzi wokuqonda, kunye neenkqubo zeselula. I-L-BHB, ukungasebenzi kancinci ngokwebhayoloji, ayifaki galelo kangako kwezi zibonelelo.
Xa uvavanya ii-ketones zegazi lakho Keto-Mojo (ikhonkco elidibeneyo), okanye nayiphi na enye ifowuni yokubeka iliso kwi-ketone yegazi, kufuneka wazi ukuba balinganisa kuphela i-D-BHB. Ngoko xa udla i-racemic (D / L-BHB) ityuwa ye-electrolyte, ukunyuka kwe-plasma ye-L-BHB amanqanaba angabonakali ngemitha yakho ye-ketone yegazi.
Nangona i-salts ye-BHB ye-racemic iyona nto ixhaphake kakhulu, ezinye iinkampani ziye zaqala ukuvelisa kunye nokuthengisa i-ketone supplements eziqukethe kuphela ifom ye-D-BHB, edla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-"D-BHB salts" okanye "i-D-BHB esters." Ezi mveliso zijolise ekuboneleleni ngeenzuzo zemizimba ye-ketone ngokufanelekileyo ngokuhambisa ngokukodwa i-isomer ye-D-BHB ye-biologically esebenzayo. Nangona kunjalo, izongezelelo ze-D-BHB zivame ukuba zibiza kakhulu xa zithelekiswa neetyuwa ze-BHB zobuhlanga ngenxa yenkqubo yokuvelisa eyinkimbinkimbi ebandakanyekayo ekuhlukaniseni i-isomer ye-D-BHB.
Kutheni ndingasebenzisa ityuwa ye-BHB yobuhlanga xa ndinokuba nefom ye-D-BHB?
Xa kuziwa kwi-L-BHB, yenza kuphela inxalenye encinci-malunga ne-2-3%-yemveliso yethu yonke yeBHB ngexesha lokuzila ukutya. Oku kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni i-L-BHB ingabi nayo imisebenzi ebalulekileyo emzimbeni. Kodwa uphando luye lwaqala ukubonisa ukuba i-L-BHB yenza okungaphezulu nje kokuxhoma ukulinda ukuguqulwa kwi-D-BHB. Ifunyaniswa ibandakanyeka kwimetabolism kwaye inokuba neendima ezingaphaya nje kokuba yinto ephakathi kwi-beta-oxidation yamafutha.
Ngokomzekelo, uphando olutshanje lusebenzise ubuchule bokuhlalutya kunye nokulinganisa ukuhanjiswa kwe-L-BHB kunye ne-D-BHB isomers kwii-tissue ezahlukeneyo zeerati, zombini ngaphambi nangemva kokulawulwa kwe-racemic ketone supplement equkethe zombini i-isomers. Bafumene ukuba i-dose ephezulu ye-racemic ketone supplement equkethe i-L-BHB kunye ne-D-BHB ibangele ukwanda okukhulu kwe-L-BHB kuzo zonke izicubu, ngokukodwa kwingqondo.
Iinkcubeko zeeseli zibonelela ngeempawu zokuba i-L-BHB inenzuzo ekunciphiseni ukuvuvukala. Kwaye kubonakala ukuba zombini i-L-BHB kunye ne-D-BHB kunye nokujikeleza ngexesha elifanayo kunokunceda ukulungelelanisa ukusebenza komzimba.
Andiyi kulahla ngokupheleleyo i-L-BHB njenge-exogenous exogenous supplement ye-ketone okwangoku.
Uphando lusaqhubeka.
Ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukuba i-D- kunye ne-L-BHB inezinga elihlukeneyo lokufunxa kunye nokusabalalisa kuzo zonke izicubu kunye ne-metabolism eyahlukeneyo enokuthi ibe nefuthe elibalulekileyo kwizicelo zonyango, kwaye uphando olongezelelweyo lufanele lujongane nendlela ii-ketones ezichaphazela ngayo izicubu ezahlukeneyo.
Pereira, D. (2022, Agasti 14). Kutheni sifuna zombini i-D-BHB kunye ne-L-BHB? I-KetoNutrition. https://ketonutrition.org/why-do-we-need-both-d-bhb-and-l-bhb/
isiphelo
Ukuba unako ukufumana izandla zakho kwi-D-BHB ethile, qhubeka phambili kwaye ubone ukuba ufumanisa ukuba isebenza kangcono kuwe kune-L-BHB. Kodwa ukuba awukwazi, okanye awukwazi ukufikelela kwifomu efana ne-bio, ungothuki. Ndisebenzisa i-L-BHB kwinto endiyikrokrelayo ukuba ngumxube we-racemic, kwaye ndiyifumana iluncedo kakhulu kwingqondo yam. Ndikwacebisa kubantu endisebenza nabo. Kwaye ndonwabile ukulandela uncwadi lophando oluphumayo ukuze ndifunde ngakumbi.
Ndiyathemba ukuba usifumene esi sithuba sebhlog siluncedo ekufundeni zonke iindlela onokuziva ngcono ngazo!
Ucaphulo
Cuenoud, B., Hartweg, M., Godin, JP, Croteau, E., Maltais, M., Castellano, CA, ... & Cunnane, SC (2020). I-Metabolism ye-D-beta-hydroxybutyrate yangaphandle, i-substrate yamandla esetyenziswa ngamandla yintliziyo kunye nezintso. Imida kwiZondlo, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2020.00013
Desrochers, SYLVAIN, Dubreuil, PASCAL, Brunet, JULIE, Jette, MANON, David, FRANCE, Landau, BR, & Brunengraber, HENRI (1995). I-Metabolism ye-(R, S) -1, i-3-butanediol i-acetoacetate esters, i-parenteral enokubakho kunye nezondlo ze-enteral kwiingulube eziqaphelayo. Ijenali yaseMelika yePhysiology-Endocrinology kunye neMetabolism, 268(4), E660-E667. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1995.268.4.E660
Han, YM, Ramprasath, T., & Zou, MH (2020). I-β-hydroxybutyrate kunye nemiphumo yayo ye-metabolic kwi-pathology ehambelana neminyaka. Uvavanyo kunye noNyango lweMolekyuli, 52(4), 548-555. https://doi.org/10.1038/s12276-020-0415-z
ULincoln, BC, Des Rosiers, C., & Brunengraber, H. (1987). I-Metabolism ye-S-3-hydroxybutyrate kwi-perfused rat yesibindi. Oovimba beBiochemistry kunye neBiophysics, 259(1), 149-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(87)90480-2
Newman, JC, & Verdin, E. (2017). I-β-Hydroxybutyrate: i-metabolite yomqondiso. Uphengululo lonyaka lwesondlo, 37, 51-76. https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-nutr-071816-064916
Storoschuk, K., & Ari D'Agostino, C. “Kutheni sifuna zombini i-D-BHB kunye ne-L-BHB?” I-Keto Nutrition: Inzululwazi kwiSicelo. (Ngo-Agasti 14, 2022). https://ketonutrition.org/why-do-we-need-both-d-bhb-and-l-bhb/
Youm, YH, Nguyen, KY, Grant, RW, Goldberg, EL, Bodogai, M., Kim, D., ... & Dixit, VD (2015). I-ketone metabolite i-β-hydroxybutyrate iibhloko ze-NLRP3 i-inflammasome-mediated inflammatory disease. Machiza, 21(3), 263-269. https://www.nature.com/articles/nm.3804
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