intshayelelo

Ndisemva kakhulu ekubhaleni eli nqaku. Ukunyaniseka, ndiye ndakuphepha ukubhala malunga nokusetyenziswa kwezidlo ze-ketogenic kunye nokuphazamiseka kokutya ngokupheleleyo. Khange ndifune ukujongana noko bendicinga ukuba kuya kuba kukubuyela umva kuluntu lwezonyango lwengqondo, olunenkolelo eqinileyo yokuba naluphi na uhlobo lokuthintelwa ekukhetheni ukutya luya kukhokelela ekunyukeni kweempawu okanye kunamandla okudala ukutya. ukuphazamiseka kukodwa. 

Kodwa ke kwathi qatha kum ukuba mhlawumbi abantu banokucinga ukuba ngenxa yokuba bengaboni ukuphazamiseka kokutya okufakwe kule ndawo, ukutya kwe-ketogenic akufanele kuthathwe njengokhetho lonyango. Okanye ukuba, ngandlel’ ithile, kwakungekho bungqina baneleyo bokuxhasa ukusetyenziswa kwayo.

Kwaye oko akunjalo kwaphela.

Ke, kweli nqaku, ndiza kubanqanda nabaphi na abafundi abanokuthi ngokungazi bafike kuloo ngcinga. Kodwa into endingayi kuyenza kukungena kwinkcazo ye-Binge Eating Disorder (BED) okanye ndikunike iqela lezibalo malunga nokuxhaphaka kwayo. Kukho izithuba ezininzi zeblogi ezibonelela ngaloo nkonzo. Ndiza kucinga ukuba ukuba uye wafuna okanye wadibana neli nqaku, wena okanye umntu omthandayo sele efunyaniswe okanye echongiwe njengonengxaki yolu hlobo lokutya. Kwaye ulapha ukuze uthethe ngokuthe ngqo malunga nendlela ukutya kwe-ketogenic kunokudlala indima ekubuyiseni kwaye, ukuba kunjalo, inokuguqula njani ezinye zeendlela ezisisiseko ze-pathological esizibona kolu kuphazamiseka.

Ekupheleni kweli nqaku, uya kuqonda ukuba kutheni ukutya kwe-ketogenic akufanele kuthathwe njengonyango olusebenzayo lwe-Binge Eating Disorder (BED) kodwa kufuneka inikezelwe njengenxalenye yomgangatho wokunyamekela. Ndiyaxolisa ukuba loo nkcazo iphikisana kwaye ibeka i-paradigm yakho yangoku malunga nendlela ezi zinto zisebenza ngayo emngciphekweni.

Kodwa ngokwenene, yinzululwazi kuphela.

ISayensi eNgemva kwe-BED kunye ne-Ketogenic Diets

Ubuchopho be-Hypometabolism kwi-BED

IiNeurons ziiseli zemetabolism kakhulu kwaye ezisebenzayo zifuna unikezelo lwamandla oluqhubekayo. Kwiimeko ze-hypometabolism yobuchopho ukusebenza kakuhle kokuthathwa kwe-glucose kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-neuron kuphazamisekile, okukhokelela ekunqongophelweni kwamandla. I-Brain hypometabolism yimeko yokunciphisa umsebenzi wemetabolism kwingqondo, kwaye iziphazamiso ezininzi zifunyaniswa zinento esisiseko se-pathological mechanism.

Sikwazi njani oku? Ngenxa yokuba ukuhla kwemetabolism kunokubonwa kusetyenziswa iindlela zonyango zokucinga ezifana ne-positron emission tomography (PET) scans, ezibonisa iindawo zengqondo ezingasebenzi ngokwaneleyo ekusebenziseni i-glucose. Ukwehla komsebenzi obonwayo kaninzi kubandakanya izinga elisezantsi lokufunxa kweglucose nokusetyenziswa kwayo, okubalulekileyo kwimisebenzi yengqondo. Kwaye inokubonwa nokuba ingakanani i-glucose oyithathayo ngokutya kwakho. Oomatshini bophukile. Kufana nokuba nemoto engayi kubaleka. Akukhathaliseki nokuba yipetroli engakanani oyimpompa kuyo, injini ayizukujika kwaye ivelise amandla. Okanye ukuba unethamsanqa kwaye iyenzeka, ayizukuhlala ibaleka rhoqo. Kwakhona, akukhathaliseki nokuba ingakanani na igesi (iglucose) ekwitanki. Oomatshini (injini) abasebenzi kakuhle.

Ukuqonda kunye nokuchonga i-hypometabolism yobuchopho ibiyeyona nto iphambili kwizifo ezahlukeneyo ze-neurodeergenerative. Kwaye ayifumani ngqalelo ngokwaneleyo njengomqhubi osisiseko we-pathology kwisigulo sengqondo. Kodwa ukungahoywa kwethu kuyo kubantu abaphethwe ziimpawu zempilo yengqondo ngokuqinisekileyo akuthethi ukuba ayibalulekanga okanye ayikho.

Ke, awuyi kumangaliswa xa ndikuxelela ukuba abaphandi babona iindawo ze-hypometabolism kubantu abane-Binge Eating Disorder (BED).

I-Hypoactivity kwiisekethe ze-frontostriatal zixelwe kwizifundo ezine ze-fMRI zezigulana ze-BN kwisimo sokugula okuqatha.

Donnelly, B., Touyz, S., Hay, P., Burton, A., Russell, J., & Caterson, I. (2018). I-Neuroimaging kwi-bulimia nervosa kunye nokuphazamiseka kokutya ngokutya: uphononongo olucwangcisiweyo. Ijenali yeengxaki zokutya, i-6 (1), i-1-24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40337-018-0187-1

Ngoku, ndifuna ukwabelana nawe, ngenxa yokungafihli, ukuba uninzi lwezifundo ze-neuroimaging ezijonge kwiindawo zokunciphisa umsebenzi okanye i-hypometabolism zijonge i-Bulimia Nervosa (BN) kwaye kungekhona kwi-Binge Eating Disorders (BED) ngokukodwa. Kuphononongo lwakutsha nje lwezifundo ze-neuroimaging, bafumanisa ukuba izifundo ezithathu kuphela kwezingamashumi amathathu anesibini eziye zahlaziywa zithelekisa amaqela e-BN kunye ne-BED.

Kwaye nangona ndiyazi ukuba ndathi andiyi kungena kwiikhrayitheriya zokuxilonga i-Binge Eating Disorder (BED), andifuni ukuba ufumane ingcamango yokuba ngenxa yokuba umsebenzi wenziwa kakhulu kunye nezigulane ze-Bulimia, ukuba ngandlela-thile ayibalulekanga. Thatha umzuzwana ujonge ukufana okukhulu phakathi kwezi zimbini, njengoko kuchaziwe kwi Incwadana yokuHlola kunye neNkcazo-manani (DSM-V).

Criteria	IBulimia Nervosa (BN)	Ukuphazamiseka kokutya ngokutya (BED)
Ukuzinkcinkca ngoKutya iziqendu	isipho	isipho
Iindlela zokuziphatha ezinembuyekezo	Ekhoyo (umzekelo, ukuzigabha, ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweelaxatives)	Ayikho
Ukuphindaphinda kweendlela zokuziphatha	Kanye ngeveki kangangeenyanga ezintathu	Kanye ngeveki kangangeenyanga ezintathu
Ukuzivavanya	Ukuphenjelelwa ngokungafanelekanga sisimo somzimba kunye nobunzima	Ayingomqathango othile woxilongo
Uxinzelelo	Unxunguphalo oluphawulweyo malunga nokutya kakhulu	Idla ngokunxulumene nokuzinkcinkca ngokutya
Ugxininiso lwe-Diagnostic	Ukutya ngokuzinkcinkca kulandelwa kukuziphatha ngendlela eyimbuyekezo	Ukutya ngokugqithisileyo ngaphandle kokuziphatha okuhlawulelayo
Impembelelo yengqondo	Ihlala inxulumene nokutya kakhulu kunye nokuziphatha okuhlawulelayo	Idla ngokunxulumene nokuzinkcinkca ngokutya

Kukho into eqhuba ukuzinkcinkca kuzo zombini ezi zixilongo.

Ezinye zezifundo zemifanekiso zenziwa ngexesha lomsebenzi, ukubona ukuba zeziphi iindawo zobuchopho ezisebenzayo okanye ezingasetyenziswanga ngexesha langempela. Ngethuba lomsebenzi wokuqonda okanye osebenzayo, indawo ye-hypometabolic ingabonakali ukunyuka okulindelweyo kumsebenzi ngenxa yokunciphisa umthamo we-metabolic (amandla okwenza amandla). Oku kunqongophala kokuphendula okanye ukunciphisa ukusebenza kunokuthi kube sisiphumo esithe ngqo se-hypometabolism ephantsi.

Kutshanje, siye sabona umahluko wokusebenza kwengqondo phakathi kwabantu abatyebe kakhulu kunye nabangenayo i-BED ngexesha lomsebenzi wokulawula ukuqonda, kunye neqela le-BED elibonisa ukusebenza okucuthekileyo kwi-IFG, vmPFC, kunye ne-insula (38).

Donnelly, B., Touyz, S., Hay, P., Burton, A., Russell, J., & Caterson, I. (2018). I-Neuroimaging kwi-bulimia nervosa kunye nokuphazamiseka kokutya ngokutya: uphononongo olucwangcisiweyo. Ijenali yeengxaki zokutya, i-6 (1), i-1-24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40337-018-0187-1

Izifundo ze-Neuroimaging ezigxile kwi-Binge Eating Disorder (BED) zibonisa umahluko omkhulu kwimisebenzi yengqondo, ityhila ukuba abantu abatyebileyo abane-BED babonisa umsebenzi oncitshisiweyo kwi-Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex (vmPFC) xa bevezwe kwiimpawu zokutya xa kuthelekiswa nabo bangenayo i-BED. I-vmPFC ibalulekile ekwenzeni izigqibo kunye neempendulo zeemvakalelo, iphakamisa ukuba i-BED ichaphazela indlela abantu abaqhuba ngayo i-stimuli enxulumene nokutya.

Uphando luye lwaqaphela ukuba ngexesha lemisebenzi yokulawula ingqondo, abantu abatyebileyo abane-BED babonise ukunciphisa ukusebenza kwi-Inferior Frontal Gyrus (IFG) kunye ne-Insula. Lo msebenzi unciphileyo kwi-IFG kunye ne-Insula phakathi kwabantu be-BED bacingelwa ukuba babonise ukungafani okunokuthi babonise ukukwazi kwabo ukusebenzisa ulawulo lokuqonda kunye nendlela ababona ngayo amazwe angaphakathi anxulumene nokuziphatha kokutya.

Ezi ndlela zikhethekileyo ze-neural kwi-BED zibonisa umsebenzi oncitshisiweyo, ngakumbi kwimimandla yobuchopho ehambelana nokwenza izigqibo, ukusetyenzwa kweemvakalelo, kunye nokulawulwa kwengqondo kwimeko yokutya.

Ngaba ukungenelela okujongana ngokufanelekileyo nokunciphisa ukusebenza okubangelwa yi-hypometabolism kolu luntu kube lunyango oluxabisekileyo?

Ndilapha ukukuxelela ukuba enye ikhona.

Ukutya kwe-Ketogenic kunyango lwaziwayo lweemeko ezinemimandla ye-hypometabolism yobuchopho. Babonelela ngesinye isibaso ngendlela yeeketoni ezithathwa lula bubuchopho obulambele amandla kwaye budlule oomatshini beglucose abaphukileyo ababandakanyekayo kwi-hypometabolic states. Kwaye kudala sisazi le nto.

... ingqondo inako kwaye ithembele, ubuncinci ngokuyinxenye, kwezinye iisubstrates, ngakumbi imizimba yeketone.

Sokoloff, LOUIS (1973). I-Metabolism yemizimba ye-ketone ngengqondo. Uphononongo lonyaka lwamayeza, i-24 (1), i-271-280. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.me.24.020173.001415

Xa sele ingaphakathi kwi-neuron, imizimba ye-ketone ingena kuthotho lweenguqu ze-biochemical ezikhokelela ekusetyenzisweni kwazo ngekhonkco lothutho lwe-electron ukuvelisa i-ATP (amandla). Abenzi nje kuphela njengomthombo wamafutha, kodwa babuye babe ngumthombo okhethiweyo we-fuel, okwazi ukuvelisa i-ATP (amandla) ngakumbi kunokuba kubonwe ngokusetyenziswa kwe-glucose, okwenza kube lula. Le mveliso iphuculweyo ye-ATP (amandla) evela kwi-ketone metabolism inokunceda ukuchasana ne-hypometabolism ebangelwa kukusetyenziswa kakubi kwe-glucose.

Andifuni ukuba ucinge ukuba ngenxa yokuba akukho ziLingo eziLawulwayo eziLawulwayo (RCTs) okwangoku (ngexesha leli nqaku) usebenzisa ukutya kwe-ketogenic ngokukodwa kwi-Binge Eating Disorder (BED), asazi kwaye siqonde iindlela ukutya kwe-ketogenic kunamandla okunyanga iindlela ezisisiseko ze-pathological esizibonayo ukuqhuba okanye ukugcina iimpawu.

Imizimba yeKetone (KBs) ngumthombo obalulekileyo wamandla wengqondo.

Morris, AAM (2005). I-Cerebral ketone umzimba wemetabolism. Ijenali yesifo se-metabolic esizuzwe njengelifa, i-28 (2), i-109-121.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10545-005-5518-0

Ndifuna ukuphawula ukuba ukuze ube nokuzibamba, kufuneka ube ne-lobe yangaphambili esebenzayo ukuqhuba inhibition yokuziphatha. Ndisandula ukwabelana nawe ukuba uncwadi lophando lukhona olucebisa ukuba abantu abanengxaki yokuzingxala baneendawo kwilobe yabo yangaphambili engasebenzi ngokwaneleyo, ngenxa yeenkqubo ze-hypometabolic.

Njengoko singena kwimiphumo yokutya kwe-ketogenic kwi-neurotransmitters kunye nalo lonke eli nqaku, ndifuna ukuba ugcine loo nto engqondweni.

Kodwa leyo yenye yeendlela zokutya okune-ketogenic ezinokunceda ukuguqula oko sikubona kusenzeka ebuchotsheni babantu abane-Binge Eating Disorder (BED). Masiqhubeke kwaye sibone ukuba zeziphi ezinye iindlela ezinokusebenza njengonyango.

Ukungalingani kwe-Neurotransmitter kwi-BED

Kukho iziphazamiso ezininzi kumsebenzi we-neurotransmitter obonwa kubantu abahlangabezana nemilinganiselo ye-Binge Eating Disorder kunye ne-plethora yamayeza engqondo asetyenziswa kwiinzame zokuwamodareyitha ukuze anciphise iimpawu.

Kodwa zeziphi iiyantlukwano kumsebenzi we-neurotransmitter esiwubonayo kwi-Binge Eating Disorder (BED) echaphazelekayo kwimiphumo ebonwa ngokutya kwe-ketogenic? Xa sithetha ngomsebenzi we-neurotransmitter, sihlala sithetha malunga nokungonelanga okanye kakhulu, kodwa eneneni, umlingo ujikeleze indlela ezisebenza ngayo ezo neurotransmitters.

Glutamate / GABA umsebenzi

Imisebenzi yeGlutamate kwi-Binge Eating Disorder (BED). Kangangokuba abaphandi baphanda ii-receptors ezahlukeneyo ze-glutamate njengeethagethi zamachiza ezinokubakho kunyango. I-Glutamate receptors idlala indima kwindlela abantu abafumana ngayo imvakalelo yomvuzo kunye nokulawula indlela yokutya. Kucingelwa ukuba amachiza aphuhliswe ukumodareyitha la ma-receptors anokunceda ukulawula ukutya kakhulu kunye nokutya kakhulu ngokutshintsha impendulo yengqondo kwimivuzo enxulumene nokutya.

… ukumodareyitha okungalunganga kwe-mGluR5 kwakhona kunciphisa ukutya okufana nokutya, olona hlobo luqhelekileyo lokuphazamiseka kokutya. Zizonke iziphumo zethu zibonise i-mGluR5 njengento ekujoliswe kuyo ekunyangeni ukutyeba kakhulu kunye nokuphazamiseka okuhambelanayo.

Oliveira, TP, Gonçalves, BD, Oliveira, BS, De Oliveira, ACP, Reis, HJ, Ferreira, CN, ... & Vieira, LB (2021). Ukumodareyitha okungalunganga kohlobo lwe-metabotropic glutamate Receptor 5 njengesicwangciso esinokuthi sibe nonyango ekutyebeni nasekuziphatheni okufana nokutya. Imida kwi-Neuroscience, 15, 631311. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.631311

Olunye ufunyaniso olumangalisayo kukuba amaxesha amaninzi, emva kophuhliso lwengxaki yoxinzelelo lwasemva kokwenzakala (PTSD), ukuphazamiseka kokutya okwahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ukuphazamiseka kokutya kakhulu, kunokukhula. Olunye uphando lujolise kwiinguqu ekwabelwana ngazo kwi-glutamatergic neurotransmission efunyenwe kwezi meko. Kucingelwa ukuba i-overstimulation ye-glutamate ikhokelela kwi-excitotoxicity, ekhokelela kwi-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis esebenzayo, kunye nokwenzakala okanye utshintsho olubangelwa uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo ekusebenzeni kwe-glutamate lunokubangela ukuqala kwe-PTSD kunye nokuphazamiseka kokutya okulandelayo.

Ukumodareyitha umsebenzi we-glutamatergic, ke ngoko, kunokuba yindlela ebalulekileyo ekunyangeni abantu abanezi ngxaki. 

Uphononongo lwangoku lubonisa ukuba ukuguqulwa komsebenzi we-glutamate ngokuxhwaleka okanye uxinzelelo olugqithiseleyo kunokuncedisa i-PTSD kunye nokuphazamiseka kokutya okulandelayo, kwaye ukumodareyitha kwe-glutamatergic kunokuba yonyango oluphambili ...

Murray, SL, & Holton, KF (2021). Ukuphazamiseka koxinzelelo lwasemva kokwenzakala kunokuseta inqanaba le-neurobiological lokuphazamiseka kokutya: Ujoliso kwi-glutamatergic dysfunction. Umdla, 167, 105599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2021.105599

Ngelixa i-glutamate ithathwa njenge-neurotransmitter ye-excitatory, i-y-amino-butyric acid (GABA) inhibitory. Amayeza alungelelanisa i-GABA asetyenziselwa ukuxhuzula kunye nokunyangwa kotywala kunye nokuphazamiseka kokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi. Kodwa la mayeza afanayo asetyenziswe kunyango lwe-Binge Eating Disorder (BED).

Ukwenza lula kunye nokucacisa ngokubanzi, akubonakali ngathi "yanele" i-GABA, okanye i-GABA umsebenzi wokuthintela iziphumo zolonwabo ezibonwa ngemveliso ephezulu ye-glutamate esele ikhankanyiwe. I-GABA ibonwa njengenempembelelo kumvuzo kunye neendlela zokuziphatha ezihambelana nokutya kakhulu. Ngokusisiseko, ukuzola.

Ewe, ukusebenza kwe-VTA [indawo ye-ventral tegmental] I-GABAergic neurons inhibisa i-dopaminergic neurons kwaye inqanda ngokukhawuleza isisombululo se-sucrose ekukhothayo kwizilwanyana ezithintelwe kukutya.

UYang, B. (2021). Ixesha lokuyeka ukutya: ibhuleki encedisayo ekutyeni ukutya kwi-nucleus accumbens. Journal of Neuroscience, 41(9), 1847-1849.  https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1666-20.2020

Ukungasebenzi kwi-neurotransmitter ye-GABA ifakwe ngamandla ngokwaneleyo ukuba iziyobisi ezisetyenziselwa Xa kuziwa kwi-Binge Eating Disorder (BED), abaphandi babona umsebenzi we-GABA ochaphazelekayo, nangona ungekho ngamandla njengoko kubonwa nge-dopamine.

Ungothuka kukufunda ukuba amayeza e-ADHD asetyenziswa kunye naba bantu, ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yeziphumo zala mayeza kwi-dopamine.

Iziyobisi ezandisa i-noradrenergic kunye ne-dopaminergic neurotransmission kunye / okanye ezisebenzayo kwi-ADHD zezona ndawo zithembisayo zonyango olutsha lwe-BED.

Feng, B., Iingozi, J., Chen, E., Gao, P., Xu, P., & He, Y. (2023). Ukufunyanwa kwangoku kunye neempembelelo zexesha elizayo zokuphazamiseka kokutya. Ijenali yamazwe ngamazwe yoPhando lweNdalo kunye neMpilo yoLuntu, i-20 (14), i-6325. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20146325

Dopamine kunye neSerotonin

Kwiimeko ezibonakaliswe kukutya okugqithisileyo, njengoko kubonwa kwi-Binge Eating Disorder (BED), kukho ukuphazamiseka kwiinethiwekhi zengqondo ezibalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni, ukufumana ulonwabo, ukwenza izigqibo kunye nokuzibamba. Kwindlela ye-mesolimbic, oku kuphazamiseka kubandakanya ikakhulu i-glutamate kunye ne-dopamine.

Xa i-BED ivavanywa kukukhanya kwethiyori yokusetyenziswa kokutya okungxamisekileyo / okunyanzelekileyo, kunye nokulawulwa kwayo yinkqubo yomvuzo wobuchopho, i-neurotransmission ye-dopaminergic ibonakala yeyona ndlela inomtsalane yokuphononongwa.

Levitan, MN, Papelbaum, M., Carta, MG, Appolinario, JC, & Nardi, AE (2021). Ukuphazamiseka kokutya ngokutya: Uphononongo lweminyaka emi-5 lokuphinda ujonge kumachiza okulinga. Ijenali ye-Experimental Pharmacology, 33-47. https://doi.org/10.2147/JEP.S255376

Ukuphazamiseka kokutya ngokugqithisileyo kubonakala nokuba sisimo se-hyperdopaminergic, kunye nokwanda komsebenzi we-dopamine, okanye imeko ye-hypodopaminergic, ephawulwe ngokuncipha komsebenzi we-dopamine.

I-D1 kunye ne-D2 i-dopamine receptors, ebekwe ikakhulu kwi-striatum kunye ne-prefrontal cortex, ilawula imisebenzi ebalulekileyo enjengokunqwenela ukutya, ukwenza izigqibo, kunye nemisebenzi yesigqeba. Utshintsho kubukho babo kunye nobudlelwane babo buchaphazela kakhulu indlela yokuziphatha ngokutya.

I-polymorphisms ye-Genetic, ngokukodwa kwi-D2, i-D3, kunye ne-D4 ye-receptor genes, igalelo ekuhlukeni komntu ngamnye kumsebenzi we-receptor. Lo mahluko wemfuza unokuchaphazela indlela inkqubo ye-dopaminergic yomntu ephendula ngayo kwizinto ezisingqongileyo kunye nokuziphatha, eziphembelela ukuba semngciphekweni kwabo ekutyeni ngokugqithisileyo.

Ngaphandle kofuzo, ukusebenza kwe-dopamine receptor kuphenjelelwa kakhulu yindlela yokuphila kunye nezinto zokusingqongileyo. Umzekelo, ukutya okuneswekile eninzi okanye okunamafutha amaninzi kunokuguqula ukufumaneka kwe-dopamine receptor, efana notshintsho lwe-neuroadaptive olubonwa kukuphazamiseka kokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi. Ukongeza, i-neuroplasticity yengqondo ivumela ezi zamkeli ukuba zilungelelanise ukuphendula kwindlela yokuziphatha engapheliyo yokutya, enokunciphisa impendulo ye-dopamine ngokuhamba kwexesha.

I-neurotransmitter dopamine ibandakanyeka ekunqweneleni kokutya, ukwenza izigqibo, ukusebenza ngokulawulayo, kunye neempawu zobuntu obungenamdla; zonke ezinegalelo ekuphuhliseni nasekugcinweni kokutya kakhulu.

UBlanco-Gandia, MC, Montagud-Romero, S., & Rodríguez-Arias, M. (2021). Ukutya ngokugqithisileyo kunye nokuba likhoboka le-psychostimulant. Ijenali yehlabathi yePsychiatry, 11(9), 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v11.i9.517

Uxinzelelo kunye neemeko zeemvakalelo zikwadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekumodareyitheni umsebenzi we-dopamine receptor. Uxinzelelo olungapheliyo lunokuguqula iindlela zokubonisa i-dopamine, echaphazela ukuxinana kwe-receptor kunye novelwano kwaye ngaloo ndlela ibe nefuthe kwiipateni zokutya kakhulu.

Unyango lwe-Pharmacological ye-BED ngamanye amaxesha lubandakanya i-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) ekhethiweyo, eyandisa ixesha elikhoyo le-serotonin ehlala kwi-synapse ye-neuron. Oku kujonge ukunyusa ukufumaneka kwe-serotonin ukuze isetyenziswe kwingqondo. Kuphuhliso lwe-BED, kukho uqwalaselo oluphawulekayo lwe-serotonin yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, eyona nto iphambili kulawulo lwemood kunye nokuziphatha kokutya.

Ekuphuhlisweni kwe-BED ebantwini, ukukhubazeka kwengqondo ye-serotonin (5-HT) ukubonakaliswa kuye kwabonwa. 

Feng, B., Iingozi, J., Chen, E., Gao, P., Xu, P., & He, Y. (2023). Ukufunyanwa kwangoku kunye neempembelelo zexesha elizayo zokuphazamiseka kokutya. Ijenali yamazwe ngamazwe yoPhando lweNdalo kunye neMpilo yoLuntu, i-20 (14), i-6325. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20146325

Inkqubo ye-serotonergic, ebandakanyekayo ekudambiseni imiqondiso ye-satiety kunye nolawulo lwemood, ibonisa ukusilela kwi-BED, ngakumbi kubasetyhini abatyebe kakhulu. Oku kukhokelela kumbuzo othakazelisayo: ngaba ukutya kwe-ketogenic kunokubangela i-serotonin kunye nezinye ii-neurotransmitters kwi-BED? Uphando oluvelayo lubonisa unxibelelwano oluhle. Amayeza asetyenziselwa oku kuxilongwa aquka i-Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs), i-Serotonin 5-HT2C Receptor Agonists, kunye ne-Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs).

Ke, ngaba ukutya kwe-ketogenic kuya kuba neziphumo kwezi kunye nezinye ii-neurotransmitters ezibandakanyekayo ezifanelekileyo ekuphatheni i-Binge Eating Disorder (BED)?

Kubonakala ngathi kunjalo.

Ngokwesiseko sobu bungqina, imizimba ye-ketone inokulawula ukukhuselwa kwee-neurotransmitters ezifana ne-GABA, i-glutamate, i-serotonin, i-dopamine, kunye ne-brain-derived neurotrophic factor ebandakanyekayo kwi-neurologic pathology.

Chung, JY, Kim, OY, & Song, J. (2022). Indima yemizimba ye-ketone kwi-dementia ebangelwa sisifo seswekile: i-sirtuins, ukunganyangeki kwe-insulin, i-synaptic plasticity, i-mitochondrial dysfunction, kunye ne-neurotransmitter. Uphengululo lwesondlo, 80(4), 774-785. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuab118

Ukutya kwe-ketogenic kuneempembelelo ezaziwayo kwi-modulation ye-neurotransmitter enokuthi inike iziphumo zonyango kwii-neurotransmitters ezibonwa njengezifanelekileyo ekudalweni nasekugcinweni kokuziphatha kokutya.

Kodwa kuthekani ngezinye iindlela ezisisiseko esizibona zibandakanyeka kolu kuphazamiseka? Ngaba i-neuroinflammation kunye noxinzelelo lwe-oxidative lukwabonwa kwesi sifo, njengoko zininzi eziphandiweyo kwaye zibhalwe malunga nale bhlog?

Impendulo ithi ewe.

I-Neuroinflammation kunye ne-Oxidative Stress kwi-BED

I-Neuroinflammation ingenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Isenokuba ngenxa yokuba i-neuron ilwela amandla, ukunganyangeki kwe-micronutrient ephazamisana nomsebenzi oqhelekileyo we-neuronal kunye nokugcinwa kwendlu, okanye ukuvezwa kwezinto eziye zawela umqobo wegazi-ingqondo engafanele ibe khona. Okanye, ingqondo ephazamisekile kumanqanaba eswekile (iswekile) engakwaziyo ukuwasebenzisa ngenxa yokunganyangeki kwe-insulin yobuchopho.

Ubuchopho obuvuzayo kunye ne-Ketogenic Diets

Kuyenzeka kwakhona xa amajoni omzimba esebenza ngenxa yentsholongwane okanye usulelo lwebhaktheriya. Nokuba sithini na isizathu, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela yengqondo iyasebenza xa kusenzeka oku kubandezeleka. Kwaye ngokubanzi, oko kulungile. Ikhupha i-proinflammatory cytokines ukunceda ukubuyisela izinto kwimeko yesiqhelo. I-Neuroinflammation yimpendulo eqhelekileyo ye-neuroimmunological ekukhuselayo. Kodwa kwiimeko ezininzi zempilo yengqondo ekuxoxwe ngazo kule bhlog, i-neuroinflammation iba ngumqhubi weempawu ezingapheliyo. 

Ke kwakhona, akufanele kumangalise ukuba i-neuroinflammation ichongiwe njengendlela esisiseko ye-pathological kukuphazamiseka kokutya, kubandakanya i-Binge Eating Disorder (BED). Amanqanaba aphakamileyo e-cytokines e-proinflammatory ezifana ne-Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNFα), i-Interleukin 1 Beta (IL1ß), kunye ne-Interleukin 6 (IL6) zizibonakaliso zeendlela ze-neuroinflammatory. Ezi cytokines zibalulekile kwinkqubo yokuvuvukala, kwaye ubukho bazo obuphakamileyo ekutyeni ukuphazamiseka kokutya bubonisa ukuba badlala indima ye-neuroinflammation kwi-pathology yezi meko.

Ngokumalunga ne-ED, i-plasma ephakanyisiweyo ye-cytokines ye-proinflammatory (TNFα, IL1ß kunye ne-IL6) kunye nolunye ukuvuvukala kunye ne-oxido-nitrosative mediators (COX2, TBARS) ziye zabikwa.

Ruiz-Guerrero, F., Del Barrio, AG, de la Torre-Luque, A., Ayad-Ahmed, W., Beato-Fernandez, L., Montes, FP, … & Díaz-Marsá, M. (2023) . Uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative kunye neendlela ezivuthayo kukuphazamiseka kokutya kwabasetyhini kunye nokuphazamiseka kobuntu bomda kunye nokuphazamiseka ngokweemvakalelo njengezinto ezinxibelelanisayo kunye nokungafuneki kunye nokwenzakala. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 158, 106383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106383

Kubantu abane-BED kunye nokutyeba okugqithisileyo, ubukho bokudumba okungapheliyo, okukwibakala elisezantsi kubhalwe kakuhle, kunye nokudumba kwiimodeli zezilwanyana kudityaniswa nemisebenzi yobuchopho enefuthe kwindlela yokuziphatha kunye nenkumbulo.

I-cytokines e-pro-inflammatory ibandakanyeka ekulawuleni ukutya ngokusebenza kwi-hypothalamus kwaye kucingelwa ukuba ichaphazele ibhalansi ye-orexigenic (i-appetite-stimulating) kunye ne-anorexigenic (i-appetite-suppressing) neurons ngaphakathi kwe-hypothalamus, enokuthi ichaphazele umnqweno wokutya kunye nokulawula ukuhlutha.

Ubungqina bangoku bubonisa ubudlelwane obunokubakho be-bi-directional phakathi kweziphawuli ezivuthayo / zokuzikhusela komzimba kunye nokuziphatha okunxulumene nokutyeba.

Meng, Y., & Kautz, A. (2022). Ukuphononongwa kobungqina bokunxulumana kwamanqaku omzimba kunye nokuvuvukala kunye nokuziphatha okunxulumene nokutyeba kokutya. Imida e-Immunology, 13, 902114. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.902114

Xa i-neuroinflammation ingapheliyo, iinkqubo ze-antioxidant zomzimba ezisetyenziselwa ukucoca umonakalo obangelwa yi-neuroinflammation zinokwanela. Oku kuxa kwenzeka uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative. Eli gama libhekisela ekungakwazini kwengqondo ukuhambisana nenqanaba lomonakalo owenziwayo. 

Ukuba awukacaci kancinci malunga nomahluko phakathi kwe-neuroinflammation kunye noxinzelelo lwe-oxidative, ungalonwabela eli nqaku lingezantsi.

Ukuba ubuchopho bakho besisiXeko: Ukuqonda uxinzelelo lwe-Oxidative kunye ne-Neuroinflammation

Ngamandla ophando oluqinisekisa ukuba zombini i-neuroinflammation kunye noxinzelelo lwe-oxidative lukhoyo kwi-disorder disorders, kwaye kwi-Binge Eating Disorder (BED) ngokukodwa, ikhokelela kumbuzo wendalo wokuba ingaba ukutya kwe-ketogenic kunokusebenzisa imiphumo yonyango enenzuzo kule miba.

Makhe ndiphendule umbuzo wakho ngo-ewe ovakalayo.

I-βOHB yi-inhibitor ye-histone deacetylases ekhokelela ekulawuleni imfuza echaphazelekayo ekukhuseleni uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative ...

Achanta, LB, & Rae, CD (2017). I-β-Hydroxybutyrate kwingqondo: i-molecule enye, iindlela ezininzi. Uphando lwe-Neurochemical, 42, 35-49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-016-2099-2

Iimveliso ze-asidi ezinamafutha e-KD ziphinda zisebenze izinto ezikhutshelweyo kwiiprotheni ezikhuthaza ukhuseleko lwe-neuro ngokulawula ukubonakaliswa kwe-pro-mitochondrial antioxidant kunye ne-anti-inflammatory signals.

Ukutya kwe-ketogenic kuchaphazela iindlela zoxinzelelo lwe-oxidative kwingqondo, ngokuyinxalenye ngokusebenzisa indlela ye-NRF2. I-NRF2 (i-Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2) yinto ephambili yokubhala elawula impendulo yeselula kuxinzelelo lwe-oxidative ngokuqalisa ukubhalwa kweejene ezininzi ezijongene nokukhusela i-antioxidant kunye ne-detoxification.

Kutheni le nto ibalulekile, kwaye kutheni le nto kufuneka siyikhathalele le nto ngempilo yobuchopho kwaye njengendlela yonyango kwizigulo ezifana ne-Binge Eating Disorder (BED) kunye nezinye ezininzi?

Kuba ikhokelela kwimveliso eyongeziweyo yeemolekyuli ze-antioxidant ezibalulekileyo ezifana ne-glutathione, kunye nezinye ii-enzymes ezibalulekileyo ezibandakanyekayo ekunciphiseni i-oksijini esebenzayo kunye neentlobo ze-nitrogen. Olu tshintsho lwemolekyuli lunegalelo elikhulu ekunciphiseni uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative ngaphakathi kwengqondo. Ukomelezwa ngokutya kwe-ketogenic, le mpendulo ye-NRF2-mediated antioxidant yinguqu yomdlalo kuba inceda ukukhusela iiseli ze-neural kumonakalo we-oxidative.

Ukutya kwe-ketogenic kwakhona kulungelelanisa i-PPARgamma (i-Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma). I-PPARgamma sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokwamkela inyukliya edlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni i-lipid metabolism, i-glucose homeostasis, kunye nokulingana kwamandla. Ngaphezulu nje kokulawula imisebenzi ye-metabolic, i-PPARgamma iluncedo ekulawuleni uluhlu lweejini ezinxulumene nokuchasana nokudumba kunye neempendulo ze-antioxidant. Xa ivuliwe ikhokelela ekukhutshelweni kwezakhi zofuzo eziphucula i-metabolism yeselula, ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala, kunye nokuphucula umsebenzi we-mitochondrial. Le yindlela ebalulekileyo yokusebenza ebonelela ngeenzuzo zonyango.

Ukuqukumbela: Ukwabelana ngenye indlela eSekwe kubungqina

I-Binge Eating Disorder (BED) ngumngeni oxhaphakileyo, ochaphazela malunga ne-0.9% yabantu kubomi babo bonke. Yeyona nto ixhaphakileyo yokutya, ihlala ihamba kunye nokunyuka kwengqondo kunye neengxaki ezinxulumene nokutyeba.

Izicwangciso zangoku azisebenzi ngokwaneleyo kumntu wonke. Nangona kunjalo, ukutya kwe-ketogenic kujongana ngqo nokungalingani kwe-neurobiological kunye ne-metabolic enokuthi incede ukuqhuba i-Binge Eating Disorder (BED). I-Hypometabolism, ukungalingani kwe-neurotransmitter, i-neuroinflammation, uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative - ukutya kwe-ketogenic kubonise amandla okulawula oku, kunye nokunye okuninzi.

Ngokusekwe kubungqina bezenzululwazi obuthiwe thaca ngoko ... Le ndlela yokujongana neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo kufuneka idibanise isicwangciso sonyango lwendlela yokuphila ecwangcisiweyo kunye nocwangciso lokutya okunempilo, i-PA, kunye nokungenelela kokuziphatha, ngokweqela leengcali ezininzi.

Feng, B., Iingozi, J., Chen, E., Gao, P., Xu, P., & He, Y. (2023). Ukufunyanwa kwangoku kunye neempembelelo zexesha elizayo zokuphazamiseka kokutya. Ijenali yehlabathi yoPhando lwezeNdalo kunye neMpilo yoLuntu, 20(14), 6325. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20146325

Xa uphando oluphononongwa ngoontanga luxhasa isicwangciso sonyango esicwangcisiweyo sokuphila esibandakanya ukutya, umsebenzi womzimba, kunye nokungenelela kokuziphatha, kucacile apho ukutya kwe-ketogenic kuhambelana khona. Akuyiyo enye indlela kodwa ukhetho oluyimfuneko, oluxhaswa bubungqina besayensi, ukuba luhlanganiswe kumgangatho wokunyamekela kwi-BED.

Ngenxa yokuxhaphaka kwe-BED kunye nenyaniso yokuba unyango lwangoku alusebenzi kumntu wonke, ukutya kwe-ketogenic kunika ithemba. Yindlela ethe ngqo, esekwe kubungqina enokwenza umahluko wokwenyani kwabaninzi. Ukhathalelo lwempilo kunye neengcali zengqondo kufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo nzulu njengenxalenye yendlela yonyango lwe-BED.

Umbuzo wam uya kuba, ukuba ezo zingcebiso zonyango ezibekwe kwiincwadi, kutheni ukutya kwe ketogenic kungabandakanywa? Ukuba wena okanye umntu omthandayo uphethwe yi-Binge Eating Disorder (BED), ndicinga ukuba unokwenza ityala ngaloo nto ngolwazi lwakho olutsha kweli nqaku. Ugqirha wakho unokukwazi ukwenza ukuthunyelwa kwi-nutrist okanye i-dietician, kwaye unokucela ukuba baqeqeshwe kwizidlo ze-ketogenic kwaye bathathe ithuba loqeqesho kwezinye izinto ezifanelekileyo zokuphila ezifunyenwe ziluncedo ekubuyiseleni.

Kwaye ngoku ukuba uyayiqonda indlela ukutya kwe-ketogenic okuchaphazela ngayo ezinye zeendlela zebhayoloji eziqhuba ingxaki, unokuba kwindawo engcono yokwenza olo hlobo lwesigqibo esibalulekileyo ngokwakho. Ndiyathemba ukuba ukwimeko engcono yokuzithethelela kunye nogqirha wakho kunye nenkampani ye-inshurensi ukufumana ukufikelela kwizidlo ze-ketogenic njengonyango kunokuba wawuyiyo xa wawuqala.

Ukuba ujonge ukongeza ugqirha onolwazi nge-ketogenic kwiqela lakho lonyango okanye iqela lomntu omthandayo, ndiya kuqala kwi-Mental Health Keto Training and Resource Page.

Izibonelelo zempilo yengqondo kwi-Ketogenic Diet

Uphando kwiindlela ezisisiseko zomelele. Kodwa andifuni ukuba ucinge ukuba eli nqaku liyingcamango nje. Uncwadi lophando lukhona ngokwenene usebenzisa ukutya kwe-ketogenic njengonyango lwe-Binge Eating Disorder (BED). Kwaye kuluvuyo lwam ukukunika intshayelelo kwinto abayifumene kweli nqaku lingezantsi.

Uphononongo olufutshane loPhando malunga nokutya kwe-Ketogenic njengoNyango lwe-Binge Eating Disorder (BED)

Ucaphulo

Achanta, LB, & Rae, CD (2017). I-β-Hydroxybutyrate kwiBrain: I-Molekyuli enye, iiMechanism ezininzi. Uphando lwe-Neurochemical, 42(1), 35-49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-016-2099-2

Umbutho wezeMpilo waseMerika. (2013). Inkcazo yokuxilonga kunye neenkcukacha zeengxaki zengqondo (uhlelo lwesi-5). Upapasho lweNgqondo lwaseMelika.

Baenas, I., Miranda-Olivos, R., Solé-Morata, N., Jiménez-Murcia, S., & Fernández-Aranda, F. (2023). Izinto ze-Neuroendocrinological kukuphazamiseka kokutya ngokutya: uphononongo olubalisayo. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 150, 106030. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106030

Balodis, IM, Kober, H., Worhunsky, PD, White, MA, Stevens, MC, Pearlson, GD, Sinha, R., Grilo, CM, & Potenza, MN (2013). UkuLungiswa koMvuzo weMali kubantu abatyebileyo Abanabo nangaphandle kokuphazamiseka kokutya ngokutya. Psychiatry, 73(9), 877-886. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.01.014

UBlanco-Gandia, MC, Montagud-Romero, S., & Rodríguez-Arias, M. (2021). Ukutya ngokugqithisileyo kunye nokuba likhoboka le-psychostimulant. Ijenali yehlabathi yePsychiatry, 11(9), 517-529. https://doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v11.i9.517

Breton, E., Fotso Soh, J., & Booij, L. (2022). Iinkqubo ze-Immunoinflammatory: Iindlela ezihamba phambili phakathi kokutyeba kunye nokuphazamiseka kokutya? I-Neuroscience kunye noPhononongo lweNdalo, 138, 104688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104688

Butler, MJ, Perrini, AA, & Eckel, LA (2021). Indima yeGut Microbiome, i-Immunity, kunye ne-Neuroinflammation kwi-Pathophysiology ye-Eating Disorders. Amanzi, 13(2), iSiqendu 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020500

Chung, JY, Kim, OY, & Song, J. (2022). Indima yemizimba ye-ketone kwi-dementia ebangelwa sisifo sikashukela: i-Sirtuins, ukumelana ne-insulin, i-synaptic plasticity, i-mitochondrial dysfunction, kunye ne-neurotransmitter. Uphengululo lweSondlo, 80(4), 774-785. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuab118

Dahlin, M., Månsson, J.-E., & Åmark, P. (2012). Amanqanaba e-CSF e-dopamine kunye ne-serotonin, kodwa kungekhona i-norepinephrine, i-metabolites iphenjelelwa kukutya kwe-ketogenic kubantwana abanesifo sokuwa. Uphando lweSithuthwane, 99(1), 132-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2011.11.003

Donnelly, B., Touyz, S., Hay, P., Burton, A., Russell, J., & Caterson, I. (2018). I-Neuroimaging kwi-bulimia nervosa kunye nokuphazamiseka kokutya ngokutya: uphononongo olucwangcisiweyo. Ijenali yeZiphazamiso zokutya, 6(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40337-018-0187-1

Feng, B., Iingozi, J., Chen, E., Gao, P., Xu, P., & He, Y. (2023). Ukufunyanwa kwangoku kunye neempembelelo zexesha elizayo zokuphazamiseka kokutya. Ijenali yehlabathi yoPhando lwezeNdalo kunye neMpilo yoLuntu, 20(14), iSiqendu 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20146325

Gano, LB, Patel, M., & Rho, JM (2014). Ukutya kwe-Ketogenic, i-mitochondria, kunye nezifo ze-neurological. Umbhalo wePopid Research, 55(11), 2211-2228. https://doi.org/10.1194/jlr.R048975

Guardia, D., Rolland, B., Karila, L., & Cottencin, O. (2011). I-GABAergic kunye ne-Glutamatergic Modulation kwi-Binge Eating: Indlela yoNyango. IsiCwangciso seMichiza, 17(14), 1396–1409. https://doi.org/10.2174/138161211796150828

Hilbert, A., Petroff, D., Herpertz, S., Pietrowsky, R., Tuschen-Caffier, B., Vocks, S., & Schmidt, R. (2020). Uhlalutyo lwe-Meta malunga nokusebenza kwexesha elide lonyango lwengqondo kunye nonyango lwe-binge-eating disorder. I-International Journal Yokudliwayo kokutya, 53(9), 1353-1376. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.23297

Jiang, Z., Yin, X., Wang, M., Chen, T., Wang, Y., Gao, Z., & Wang, Z. (2022). Imiphumo ye-Ketogenic Diet kwi-Neuroinflammation kwi-Neurodeergenerative Diseases. Ukuguga kunye neZifo, 13 (4), 1146-1165. https://doi.org/10.14336/AD.2021.1217

Kessler, RM, Hutson, PH, Herman, BK, & Potenza, MN (2016). Isiseko se-neurobiological sokuphazamiseka kokutya kakhulu. I-Neuroscience kunye noPhononongo lweNdalo, 63, 223-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.01.013

Knowles, S., Budney, S., Deodhar, M., Matthews, SA, Simeone, KA, & Simeone, TA (2018). Ukutya kwe-Ketogenic kulawula i-antioxidant catalase nge-transcription factor PPARγ2. Uphando lweSithuthwane, 147, 71–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2018.09.009

Levitan, MN, Papelbaum, M., Carta, MG, Appolinario, JC, & Nardi, AE (2021). I-Binge Eating Disorder: I-5-Year Retrospective Study kwi-Experimental Drugs. Ijenali ye-Experimental Pharmacology, 13, 33-47. https://doi.org/10.2147/JEP.S255376

Mele, G., Alfano, V., Cotugno, A., & Longarzo, M. (2020). Uphononongo olubanzi lwe-multimodal neuroimaging kwi-bulimia nervosa kunye nokuphazamiseka kokutya ngokutya. Ukutya, 151, 104712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2020.104712

Meng, Y., & Kautz, A. (2022). Ukuphononongwa kobungqina bokunxulumana kwamanqaku omzimba kunye nokuvuvukala kunye nokuziphatha okunxulumene nokutyeba kokutya. Imida e-Immunology, 13. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.902114

Milder, J., & Patel, M. (2012). Ukuguqulwa koxinzelelo lwe-oxidative kunye nomsebenzi we-mitochondrial ngokutya kwe-ketogenic. Uphando lweSithuthwane, 100(3), 295-303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2011.09.021

Morris, A. a. M. (2005). I-Cerebral ketone umzimba wemetabolism. Ijenali yeZifo zeMetabolic eziZalwa, 28(2), 109-121. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10545-005-5518-0

Murray, SL, & Holton, KF (2021). Ukuphazamiseka koxinzelelo lwasemva kokwenzakala kunokuseta inqanaba le-neurobiological lokuphazamiseka kokutya: Ujoliso kwi-glutamatergic dysfunction. Ukutya, 167, 105599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2021.105599

Norwitz, NG, Dalai, SS, & Palmer, CM (2020). Ukutya kwe-Ketogenic njengonyango lwe-metabolic kwisigulo sengqondo. Uluvo lwangoku kwi-Endocrinology, isifo seswekile kunye nokutyeba kakhulu, 27(5), 269-274. https://doi.org/10.1097/MED.0000000000000564

Oliveira, TPD, Gonçalves, BDC, Oliveira, BS, de Oliveira, ACP, Reis, HJ, Ferreira, CN, Aguiar, DC, de Miranda, AS, Ribeiro, FM, Vieira, EML, Palotás, A., & Vieira, LB (2021). Ukumodareyithwa okungalunganga kohlobo lwe-5 ye-Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor njengeSicwangciso esiKhonayo soNyango kwi-Obesity kunye ne-Binge-Like-Like Eating Behavior. Imida kwi-Neuroscience, 15. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2021.631311

Pietrzak, D., Kasperek, K., Rękawek, P., & Piątkowska-Chmiel, I. (2022). Indima yoNyango ye-Ketogenic Diet kwi-Neurological Disorders. Amanzi, 14(9), iSiqendu 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14091952

Polito, R., La Torre, ME, Moscatelli, F., Cibelli, G., Valenzano, A., Panaro, MA, Monda, M., Messina, A., Monda, V., Pisanelli, D., Sessa , F., Messina, G., & Porro, C. (2023). Ukutya kwe-Ketogenic kunye ne-Neuroinflammation: Isenzo se-Beta-Hydroxybutyrate kwi-Microglial Cell Line. I-International Journal ye-Molecular Sciences, 24(4), iSiqendu 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043102

Amathuba amachiza amatsha okunyanga ingxaki yokutya kakhulu: Ukuqonda kwi-psychopathology kunye neuropharmacology-David J Heal, Sharon L Smith, 2022. (nd). Ibuyiselwe nge-17 kaJanuwari 2024, ukusuka https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/02698811211032475

Pruccoli, J., Parmeggiani, A., Cordelli, DM, & Lanari, M. (2021). Indima yeNkqubo ye-Noradrenergic kwiZiphazamiso zokutya: Ukuphononongwa okuCwangcisiweyo. I-International Journal ye-Molecular Sciences, 22(20), iSiqendu 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222011086

Ratković, D., Knežević, V., Dickov, A., Fedrigolli, E., & Čomić, M. (2023). Ukuthelekiswa kokuphazamiseka kokutya kunye nokuba likhoboka lokutya. Ijenali yoPhando lwezoNyango lwaMazwe ngaMazwe, 51(4), 03000605231171016. https://doi.org/10.1177/03000605231171016

Rostanzo, E., Marchetti, M., Casini, I., & Aloisi, AM (2021). I-Ketogenic Diet-Low-Low-Low-Low-Low-Low-Low-Low-Calorie: Unyango olunokubakho kwi-Binge Eating kunye ne-Food Addiction Symptoms kubasetyhini. Isifundo sokuLinga. Ijenali yehlabathi yoPhando lwezeNdalo kunye neMpilo yoLuntu, 18(23), iSiqendu 23. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312802

Ruiz-Guerrero, F., Gomez del Barrio, A., de la Torre-Luque, A., Ayad-Ahmed, W., Beato-Fernandez, L., Polo Montes, F., Leon Velasco, M., MacDowell , KS, Leza, JC, Carrasco, JL, & Díaz-Marsá, M. (2023). Uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative kunye neendlela ezivuthayo kukuphazamiseka kokutya kwabasetyhini kunye nokuphazamiseka kobuntu bomda kunye nokuphazamiseka ngokweemvakalelo njengezinto ezinxibelelanisayo kunye nokungafuneki kunye nokwenzakala. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 158, 106383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106383

Schreiber, LRN, Odlaug, BL, & Grant, JE (2013). Ukudibana phakathi kokuphazamiseka kokutya kunye nokuphazamiseka kokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi: Ukuxilongwa kunye ne-neurobiology. Umbhalo weMilo yoLungiso, 2(4), 191-198. https://doi.org/10.1556/JBA.2.2013.015

USimeone, TA, Matthews, SA, Samson, KK, & Simeone, KA (2017). Ukulawulwa kwengqondo ye-PPARgamma2 inegalelo kwi-ketogenic diet anti-seizure efficacy. I-Neurology yoMfuniselo, 287, 54-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.08.006

Sokoloff, L. (1973). I-Metabolism ye-Ketone Bodies yi-Brain. Uphengululo lonyaka loNyango, 24(1), 271-280. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.me.24.020173.001415

Tao, Y., Leng, SX, & Zhang, H. (2022). I-Ketogenic Diet: Indlela yoNyango olusebenzayo lweZifo ze-Neurodeergenerative. I-Neuropharmacology yangoku, 20(12), 2303-2319. https://doi.org/10.2174/1570159X20666220830102628

UYang, B. (2021). Ukuyeka nini ukutya: IBrake eNcedisayo ekuSetyenzisweni kokutya kwiNucleus Accumbens. Journal of Neuroscience, 41(9), 1847-1849. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1666-20.2020

Yohn, SE, Galbraith, J., Calipari, ES, & Conn, PJ (2019). Ukuphazamiseka kokuziphatha okwabelwanayo kunye ne-Neurocircuitry kwi-Addiction Addiction, Ukutyeba, kunye ne-Binge Eating Disorder: Gxila kwiQela le-MGluRs kwi-Mesolimbic Dopamine Pathway. I-ACS Chemical Neuroscience, 10(5), 2125-2143. https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00601

Yu, Y., Fernandez, ID, Meng, Y., Zhao, W., & Groth, SW (2021). Ama-hormone e-gut, i-adipokines, kunye ne-pro- kunye ne-anti-inflammatory cytokines / markers ekulahlekelweni kolawulo lokutya: ukuphononongwa kwe-scoping. Ukutya, 166, 105442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2021.105442

Yu, Y., Miller, R., & Groth, SW (2022). Uphononongo loncwadi lwe-dopamine ekutyeni ngokugqithisileyo. Ijenali yeZiphazamiso zokutya, 10(1), 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40337-022-00531-y